Antibiofilm effects of Adhatoda Vasica Nees. extracts in comparison with commercial vasicine on Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Medicinal plants like Adhatoda vasica Nees. are used traditionally in Tripura to cure pneumonia, cough and cold. Pneumonia is a lung infection with cough, fever and hard time breathing. Pneumonia is mainly caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Moreover, many of these pathogenic strains are showing acute resistant to many commercially available antibiotics due to the formation of biofilms. One of the main areas of modern day research in medical microbiology is to search for agents that can destroy microbial biofilms effectively. Materials and Method: The present study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees. extracts and commercially available vasicine against the biofilms of the bacteria - Streptococcus pneumoniae and their free-living forms. The extraction, identification and phytochemical screening of the leaf of Adhatoda vasica Nees. were done following the standard procedures. Thin layer chromatography had been done to show the presence of vasicine in the ethanol, methanol and water extracts. The antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol and water extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees. (20mg/ml) and commercially available vasicine (1mg/ml) against planktonic forms of bacteria were determined using the agar well diffusion method with tetracycline (20mg/ml) as control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were evaluated by a macrobroth dilution technique. The anti - biofilm effects were assessed by micro titre plate method. The biofilm inhibition was observed both in compound microscope with crystal violet staining and in scanning electron microscope. The cell viability assay was assessed by Etbr/AO staining. Results: The results showed that the A. vasica Nees. leaf extract have remarkable zone of inhibition for the tested bacteria as compared to standard vasicine and tetracycline. However, the MIC values of A. vasica Nees. extracts (100 - 160 µg/ml) and vasicine (100-120 µg/ml) confirmed the high ability of these extracts for inhibition of planktonic bacteria. A. vasica Nees. extracts were efficient to inhibit biofilm and the concentration of each extract had a direct relation with the inhibitory effect. The extracts and standard vasicine showed a remarkable effect on cell viability of bacteria in biofilm which is also confirmed by SEM analysis. Finally, it can be suggested that the extracts of this plant and commercially vasicine be applied as antimicrobial agents against the pathogen, particularly in biofilm forms.
Authors and Affiliations
Lovely Rahaman, Sushanta Ghosh, Nandita Nath, Aparna Sen, Kiran Sharma, Bipin Kumar Sharma
Keywords
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- EP ID EP415076
- DOI 10.9790/264X-0402020516.
- Views 164
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