Does Frustration Cause Aggression? Case study: soccer fans in Iran
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2013, Vol 4, Issue 10
Abstract
There is no doubt that sports and their related activities have become very important in contemporary societies. Soccer, among various sports, has much more importance, and attracts utmost attention of people throughout the world. Throughout its history, soccer has been faced with violent and aggressive behavior of fans, and such behavior have been one of the most serious and important issues in this sport. Many theories and theoretical approaches have been used to study and explain the factors that influence on violent and aggressive behavior of soccer fans. In spite of some suitable outcomes that these researches have had, but in many cases, there are fundamental critiques to the theories that have been the base for these researches. The main purpose of this article is empirically analysis one of the current explanations on violence and aggression, frustration-aggression theory, between soccer fans. In this article, at first, sport violence and aggression will be defined and categorized. Then, with emphasis on violence and aggression as a psycho-social matter, it will be trying to study and analysis the reactions of soccer fans, while encounter with situations that perform as a frustration factors. The main hypothesis of this study is that "frustration of soccer fans in achieving to their athletic goals causes the tendency to violence and aggressive behavior in them". Questionnaire, field observations, and in-depth interviews have been used for data collection. According to the measurement levels of research variables, relevant statistical tests, such as analysis of variance, regression, and Q-square test have been used for data analysis. According to the findings of a survey research on a sample of 284 soccer fans between two Iranian well-known soccer teams - Persepolis and Esteqlal-, it concluded that frustration only in some extent could explain sport violence and aggression in soccer fans. In fact, frustration is just one of multiple and potential resources for violence and aggression. Then, we cannot reduce all factors of these behaviors to frustration. Therefore, we can say that, various and different reactions are performed in frustrated situations. These reactions have wide range, from disappointment and retreatism to more effort for overcome on resources of frustration. Finally, it should remind that no single theoretical approach can tell us all we may want to know about violence and aggression in sport.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati| Ph.D. University of Guilan, mahdi.sharifi.moghadam@gmail.com, Omid Momtaz| Independent Reasercher
Keywords
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