Emerging Human Papillomavirus Vaccines against Cervical Cancer
Journal Title: Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 5
Abstract
Abstract: Cervical cancer has been a huge health problem in our society for a long time. It has become as much an economic problem in addition to being a health problem. There are over one-half of a million cases of this disease occurring worldwide and more than one-half of these patients die from the disease. In 1976, Harald Zur discovered human papillomavirus as the aetiological agent of this disease. Initially, the HPV type 16 and 18 were implicated. Since then over 50 human papillomavirus types have been associated with the aetiology of cervical cancer. The introduction of the HPV vaccines has become a great source of hope for the possible elimination of cervical cancer. During the 1990s, some researchers found that inoculation a person with virus-like particles (VLP) that were developed from an L1 protein of the papillomaviruses could protect against the infection, but the protection is not universal for all HPVs. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the quadrivalent vaccine by Merk & Co called Gardasil. Cervarix, the bivalent vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 by GlaxoSmithKline, was initially approved in 2009 by the Food and drug administration to protect girls and women against HPV 16 and 18. In 2014, the food drug administration approved a 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. The advantages from the discovery of these vaccines include possible elimination of cervical cancers, other anogenital cancers and benign human papillomavirus- related lesions such as condylomata accuminata and long-term economic benefits. There are some disadvantages like severe adverse effect associated with the use of the HPV vaccines occurring in less than 8% of patients who receive these vaccines. To do a review of the emerging human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer. Scholarly journal articles/literature was extensively searched for with google search using keywords like human papillomavirus, emerging, vaccine and cervical cancer. These articles were studied and the information was used to write this review. Cervical cancer obviously has turned out to be a huge economic and public health menace globally. The advent of these HPV vaccines such as the bivalent vaccine, quadrivalent vaccine and the 9-valent vaccine has brought great relief to us all. However, these vaccines have their advantages, disadvantages and limitations generally. We look forward to the future with lots of hope for the emergence of a more effective and ‘friendly’ human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer.
Authors and Affiliations
Godstime I. Irabor, Dominic Akpan, Ejemen G. Aigbe, Gift E. Irabor
Keywords
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