Jewish agrarization in Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire in a ХІХ century
Journal Title: Eminak - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 1
Abstract
In the article on the basis of analysis of monographic and periodical literature are made attempts to identify the main trends in the Ukrainian Jewish arrangement of lands in provinces of the Russian Empire during the nineteenth century. Described the features of the resettlement movement and development of the agricultural policy and place of Jewish tenants in Right-Bank Ukraine in this period. A separate group of Jewish population in Ukrainian provinces created Jews-farmers, although farming was generally not characteristic of the Jews, because they were forced to live in cities and towns. Ukrainian Jews in the provinces were under the guise of land lease used the labor of serfs. During the nineteenth century Russian imperial government made a number of attempts aimed to make the resettlement of Jews to South Ukraine and to involve them in agricultural production. These attempts failed. Most Jewish settlers turned back, and those who remained lived doing incomprehensible for them work. The rest of the Jews employed in agriculture activity of Right Bank accounted tenants and intermediaries that served to Polish and Russian landlords. This group of Jews-factors and tenants- approximately 10 thousand people promoted the lease by Polish landowners more than 800 thousand acres of land. Another 10 thousand Jews-factors served to Russian landowners of that lands. However, it should be noted that Russian and Polish landlords who used their service had an extremely negative attitude to the Jewish population of the region and supported Jewish massacres and expropriation. Overall the attempts of the Russian government to organize the Jewish agriculture can not be considered as successful. This can be explained due to a number of unfavorable circumstances and conditions, including lack of experience and working capital, Jewish mentality. Realizing their own mistakes, the Ministry of the Interior Affairs in 1898 allowed Jews to buy and rent a small ( to 50 acres) pieces of land, to build Jewish farms, agricultural schools with aim to promote their settling in rural areas.
Authors and Affiliations
Viktor Docenko
Keywords
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