Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1 as a Regulator of Manganese-induced Astrocyte Swelling

Journal Title: STAR Journal - Year 2013, Vol 2, Issue 4

Abstract

Astrocyte swelling leads to brain edema, intracranial pressure, brain herniation and acute liver failure (fulminant hepatic failure) which is the major cause of death in this condition. Manganese has been strongly implicated as an important factor in astrocyte swelling. Manganese in excess is neurotoxic and causes a CNS disorder that resembles Parkinson’s disease (manganism). Manganese highly accumulates in astrocytes, which renders these cells more vulnerable to its toxicity. In addition to manganism, increased brain levels of manganese have been found in hepatic encephalopathy. Manganese is known to cause cell swelling in cultured astrocytes, although the means by which this occurs has not been fully elucidated. A disturbance in one or more of these systems may result in loss of ion homeostasis and cell swelling. In particular, activation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) has been shown to be involved in cell swelling in several neurological disorders. We therefore examined the effect of manganese on NKCC activity and its potential role in the swelling of astrocytes. Cultured astrocytes were exposed to manganese (50 M), and NKCC activity was measured. Manganese increased NKCC activity at 24 h. Inhibition of this activity by bumetanide diminished manganese-induced astrocyte swelling. Manganese (Mn) also increased total as well as phosphorylated NKCC1. These results suggest that activation of NKCC1 is an important factor in the mediation of astrocyte swelling by manganese and that such activation appears to be mediated by NKCC1 abundance.

Authors and Affiliations

Ramakrishnan R| College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, Post Box No: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia, Raghavendra HL| College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wollega University, Post Box No: 395 Nekemte, Ethiopia, Krishnan Prabhakaran| Department of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909, USA, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy| Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011-1250, USA, Shivaleela P. Upashe| College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wollega University, Post Box No: 395 Nekemte, Ethiopia, Fekadu Beyene| Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Engineering and Technology, Wollega University, Post Box No: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Keywords

Related Articles

Effects of Acidity on Growth and Symbiotic Performance of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strains Isolated from Faba Bean Producing Areas of Ethiopia

Faba bean is one of the legume crops commonly grown in Ethiopia. It is important source of dietary protein to the majority of population in the country. Soil acidity and related stresses are among the major yield limit...

Reading Urban Environment by Photo: A Critical Tool for Socio-Cultural Analyzing

Photography has been used as a research tool throughout a range of disciplines. In the last decades usage of photos in landscape and urban design grow noticeably; yet applying it in architectural research or education...

Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Small Holder Maize Growing Farmers of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

The objective of this study was to examine the level of technical efficiency of smallholder maize producers and identify its determinants in Horo Guduru Wollega zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A Cobb-Douglass...

Assessment on Peri-Urban Dairy Production System and Evaluation of Quality of Cows’ Raw Milk: A Case of Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha Towns of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional survey and raw milk laboratory analysis were conducted with the objectives of determining peri-urban dairy production system and quality of cow’s raw milk of Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha towns of Ho...

Hydro Geophysical Investigation of Shebe Watershed, Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

The need to prospect for additional ground water sources in Shebe watershed, Jimma, Shebe town water supply became inevitable because of the fact that the existed water supply and the quality of the water with current...

Download PDF file
  • EP ID EP9599
  • DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/star.v2i4.4
  • Views 362
  • Downloads 21

How To Cite

Ramakrishnan R, Raghavendra HL, Krishnan Prabhakaran, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Shivaleela P. Upashe, Fekadu Beyene (2013). Na-K-Cl Cotransporter-1 as a Regulator of Manganese-induced Astrocyte Swelling. STAR Journal, 2(4), 14-19. https://europub.co.uk/articles/-A-9599