Authors:
Rinshila Arakkal
M.A Student, Department of English, Farook College (Autonomous), Calicut, India
Year: 2020,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to explore the similarities and dissimilarities between William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and its film adaptation Maqbool by Vishal Bhardwaj. The study also aims to compare both the film and the play in terms of politics and power from a psychoanalytic perspective.
Methodology/ Approach: This study is based on thematic analysis and the main changes when the original play is adapted to film, in order to check the variation from stage to screen. Adaptation theory, Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory are used in this analysis. Bollywood movie Maqbool (2003) by director Vishal Bhardwaj and William Shakespeare’s great tragedy Macbeth (1606) are used as primary sources for this analysis.
Findings: The result of the analysis indicates that film and drama are entirely different. When an original play is adapted into film, there are many merits and demerits.Shakespeare mounded more on poetic language than on spectacle and other scenic devices to create the necessary emotional effect. The Elizabethan theatre gores were more audiences than spectators. But the modern spectators habituated to the computer-generated technique of cinematography expect something considerably different. The result is that when the text of the play is converted into a screenplay, there will be a remarkable reduction in the number of spoken words because mainstream cinema depends for its effect largely on visual rather than dialogue. However, the director maintained the originality of play despite the additions and reductions.
Conclusion: The paper throws light on the main changes from English Renaissance theatre to contemporary modern world or theatre. It depicts the Psychological behavioural differences and the power and political structures of the two different periods. The paper suggests that film adaptation is an effective and attractive tool to maintain the value and to understand the original text.
Keywords: Adaptation, Macbeth, Maqbool, Cinema, Cinematography
Authors:
Prakriti Arora
M.A. in English with Cultural Studies, Christ University (Deemed), Bengaluru, India
Year: 2020,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Purpose: This research paper is an attempt to examine the themes of colonialism, diaspora, and sufferance caused by the partition of India and Pakistan through the lens of language and conflict in identities. The paper also seeks to delve deeper upon the consequent breakdown of language as depicted in the short-story Toba Tek Singh.
Methodology/ Approach: Textual analysis of mixed modes of reading.
Findings: The short story effectively traced the turmoil and clamour enveloping the people afflicted by the events that followed the partition. Rich with the themes of colonialism, diaspora and the horrors of the partition, the text brought the issues being faced by the people in a way that they were subtly intermeshed within the discourses of the inmates of the mental asylum, which was where the story was situated. The text, characteristically a short story, reflects the feelings of the people that sprouted during and after the partition in a nonchalant way. This subtlety and novelty of expression questions the basis of a ‘nation’.
Conclusion: The short-story revolves around the accounts of a number of inmates who are seemingly devastated by the new changes and the new ways of labelling lands. Even if they are able to make sense of this imposed change, they refuse to reason with it completely as a few of them must be relocated, which would consequently distance them from their friends.
Keywords: Nation, Region, Manto, Language, Identity
Authors:
Nisha Paliwal
M.A. English, Central University of Rajasthan, India
Year: 2020,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Purpose: The present paper analyses the role of nature in the lives of the tribals while exploring their indigenous eco-customs and traditions that have helped in sustaining their eco-centric approach to life. It also explores the culture-nature dialectic that surfaces the long-lasting conflict between tradition and modernity through a distinctive tribal perspective.
Methodology/ Approach: Postcolonial ecocritical approach.
Findings: The paper analyzes Oceanside Blues (2001) by Dhruv Bhatt, a Gujarati writer, from an eco-critical perspective while exploring the representation of tribal eco sensibilities and analyzing their eco-ethical imports. The narratives along with sending a lucid message for the survival of ecology, urge the human race to rekindle its communion with nature.
Conclusion: The novel in itself is a piece of resistance against the colonial activities that harm the environment as well as the tribal people by seizing their land on their preconceived notion of growth and development that contradicts their cultural values. Nature protests in its own ways like the sea protesting against environmental destruction in the form of a tornado in the region.
Keywords: Colonialism, Tribal, Nature, Tradition, Modernity
Authors:
Talha Yousaf
Lecturer in English, Dept. of English, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
Khair Ul Bashar
Lecturer in English, Dept. of English, Aba...
Year: 2020,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Purpose: This paper presents an allegorical exploration of Walter de la Mare’s The Listeners. It dwells on the presentation of the human conscience in the poem.
Methodology/ Approach: A literary analysis with focus on allegory.
Findings: The Listeners by Walter De La Mare is a poem built on controversial grounds. The claimers have their own ambiguous theories. Some explored it for musical aspects other for gothic elements. The allegorical aspect of the poem is ignored not that they deny it, but because it has many meanings to give. Apart from the eerie effects, the character of “The Traveler” and “Phantom Listeners” arise questions and suggestions. The nearest meaning these characters attract is towards a human being. Struggles between vice and virtue; and the inner evil and restless conscience within.
Conclusion: The confession of the author It concerns me a bit now that what was really the intended meaning. It has left the poem opened for critics and readers to explore more. Yet a clue is found when it is said that the Creator is not worried about death but about conscience.
Keywords: The Traveler, The Listeners, Allegory, Human Conscience
Authors:
Bethany Marie Cabantac-Lumabi
Far Eastern University – Manila, Philippines
Year: 2020,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Purpose: This study is an attempt to understand how Millenials use backward speech on their Facebook statuses and how their lexicon is incorporated into a grammar of novel items in English in the Philippines.
Methodology/ Approach: Facebook statuses with the two trending backward speeches such as “lodi” and “werpa” are the inputs of this study since they top the list of more than 20 Tagalog slang words for everyday use of modern Filipinos. Through the Optimality Theory (Mc Carty, 2007; Prince & Smolensky, 2004) process and lexical analysis, these backward speeches were classified by literature as speech disguise, joke, and euphemism, while the hashtags are basically tags used to categorize conversations between users.
Findings: Despite its limitations, the results of the study describe and record a different form of Philippine English on Facebook that occurs from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. Evidently, the #werpa and #lodi are more contemporary and considerable internet slang (e.g. backward speech) for Philippine Millenials, who are active on posting their Facebook statuses to enhance group exclusivity. Its meanings are based on the context of the Facebook posts rooted in social connections. This unrestricted form of grammar of Facebook users in the Philippines is moving around the social world for years because of its consistent use online.
Conclusion: As the English language form changes more quickly, technologies continue to develop and allow the transmission of new set of Philippine slang to pass from Millenials to the future digital natives. The interest of the study on lexical trends reveals optimal aspects of grammatical phenomena which identify and order words based on their growing use.
Keywords: Optimality Theory, Internet Neologisms, Philippine English
