Authors:
Nanuli Doreulee
Year: 2017,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
GMJ Medicine is a continuous open access, online, peer reviewed journal owned and published by GMJ Medical Press, LLC in Germany from September, 2017. GMJ Medicine dedicated to publish good quality of research work in all areas of basic and clinical medicine. We will be published manuscript with new and interesting topics in the journal. Another of our goals is to increase scientific productivity in the fields of medical and health sciences. All research articles submitted to GMJ Medicine should be original in nature, never previously published in any journal or presented in a conference or undergoing such process across the globe. All the submissions will be peer-reviewed by the panel of experts associated with particular field. Submitted papers should meet the internationally accepted criteria and manuscripts should follow the style of the journal for the purpose of both reviewing and editing. The ethical policy of GMJ Medicine is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and complies with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) codes of conduct. The following guidelines should be read in line with the journal’s guide for authors. The statements confirm that confidentiality and fairness should be considered in all the GMJ Medicine procedures and interactions. Readers, authors, reviewers and editors should follow these ethical policies once working with GMJ Medicine. We are delighted to welcome all authors to the first issue of "GMJ Medicine". The publication frequency of GMJ Medicine is continuous. All articles will be published immediately after acceptance under one VOLUME annually.
Keywords: GMJ Medicine, Continuous open access, Peer reviewed, GMJ Medical Press, Germany
Authors:
Danil Hammoudi, Adekunle Sanyaolu, Dina Adofo, Ivan Antoine
Year: 2017,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke predisposes a person to a lot of preventable diseases; this study aimed at comparing Lung Function in active, previous and non-smokers in students using the ratio of Forced Vital Capacity, to Forced Expiratory Volume measurement in one second called the Tiffeneau-Pinelli Index.
Methods: A cross-section of 77 students from the St. James School of Medicine, Anguilla campus in the Caribbean who are active smokers, previous smokers or non-smokers were randomly sampled with consent using questionnaire based study and measurement of FEV/FVC ratio was done.
Result: The results showed that the mean FEV/FVC ratio for Smokers was lower than that for non-smokers and Ex-smokers in both test 1 and 2. The FEV/FVC ratio by sex was higher in females for both test 1 and 2. There were significant differences among the races with Caucasians having the lowest mean value of 86.04 and 85.88 for test 1 and 2 respectively. Higher ratio of more than 0.7 for smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers was recorded for mean FEV/FVC ratio.
Conclusion: The FEV/FVC ratio was lower in smokers compared to non-smokers and Ex-smokers though not statistically significant.
Keywords: FEV/FVC, Ex-smokers, Smokers, Non-smokers, Test
Authors:
Behzad Mesbahzadeh, Mahshid Garmsiri, Faranak Jalalvand, Layla Shojaie, Muhammad Azam Kakar
Year: 2017,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been related to dyslipidemia and suppression of antioxidant status. Howeverl, novel agents such as menthol can be an efficient strategy for alleviation of PCOS. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of menthol in blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in Wistar rats induced with PCOS.
Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were used in this study and the animals divided into five groups including; 1) Control group (Control) or healthy rats, 2) PCOS group (PCOS) that did not receive any menthol, 3, 4 & 5) Animals that received 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg of body weight (PCOS-2, PCOS-4 and PCOS-6). To induce the PCOS, 5 mg estradiol valerate was administrated. At the end of the trial session, blood samples were taken to evaluate plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and total oxidation status (TOS).
Results: Induction of PCOS increased glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, FRAP, AOPP and TOS, and decrease HDL-C. The use of menthol especially in higher levels improved the mentioned parameters. PCOS also increased body weight and oral treatment of menthol helped to maintain the body weight.
Conclusion: It is concluded that menthol improved antioxidant status in rats with PCOS. Thus, use of menthol is recommended for treatment of PCOS.
Keywords: Glucose, Lipid profile, Oxidation, PCOS, Rat
Authors:
Seyed Ashkan Tabibzadeh Dezfuli, Mohanna Ehsani, Omid Lakzaei Azar
Year: 2017,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes has been known as a prevalence disorder and the use of common drugs has been faced many issues with multiple limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the use of carvacrol, as a novel agent, for treatment of diabetes.
Methods: A single dose of streptozotocin (55mg/kg body weight) was used to induce the diabetes in rats. The animals were grouped into five groups including 1) Control healthy animals, 2) Diabetic controls, 3, 4 & 5) Diabetic animals given carvacrol (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight/day) in neutral sterile olive oil solution oral gavage, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were evaluated. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in liver were assessed.
Results: Administration of streptozotocin increased levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and also decreased activities of catalase, SOD and GPX (P<0.05). Oral administration of carvacrol, especially 15 mg/kg body weight/day, could decrease levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and also increase activities of catalase, SOD and GPX in comparison to diabetic control (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Carvacrol could decrease or alleviate the negative effects of carvacrol on inflammation and antioxidant status that could be attributed to antioxidant properties. It could be recommended to apply carvacrol in commercial prescription in combination with other agents or as a single agent for treatment of diabetes.
Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Diabetes, Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors:
Saman Sedighi, Bahram Nasiri, Reza Alipoor, Nasrollah Moradi-kor
Year: 2017,
Volume: 1,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: It has been reported that ginger is involved in serotonergic system. It seems that ginger effect could be attributed to its active compound or gingerol. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of gingerol on antidepressant-like effects by investigation of serotonergic system in mice model.
Methods: Following pilot study and selection of doses, mice were divided into 4 groups. Receptor antagonists were injected, gingerol was administrated and a trial suspension test was conducted.
Results: Administration of gingerol could induce antidepressant-like effect (P<0.001), without induction of changes in spontaneous locomotor activity in the open-field test. Pretreatment of mice with pCPA (preventor of serotonin synthesis), WAY100135 (receptor antagonist), ketanserin (5HT2A receptor antagonist), and cyproheptadine (5HT2 receptor antagonist) prevented the antidepressant-like effect induced by the gingerol (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It could be stated that gingerol is involved in antidepressant-like effects through serotonergic system in mice model. It could be recommended to use the gingerol in commercial preparations for prescription as an antidepressant agent.
Keywords: Antidepressant-like, Gingerol, Mouse model, Serotonin pathway
Authors:
Ali Bakhtiari, Sajjad Aboudzadeh, Sadegh Vaziri, Mehrdad Mirzaei Roozbahani
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Immobilization is known as type of stress that influences antioxidant status and inflammation factors. On the other hand, probiotics could significantly improve antioxidant status and inflammatory response. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics in immobilized rats through involvement of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems.
Methods: A total number of 72 Albino Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, including1) Normal control group without stress (Control), 2) Immobilized rats without additive (Immobilized), 3) Immobilized rats given with 104 CFU probiotic.day-1(Probiotic). Inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, corticostrone and serum antioxidants were evaluated in days 7 and 14.
Results: Results showed that immobilization could significantly increase the serum concentrations of TNF-α, TGF-β corticostrone, MDA and NO and also decrease SOD, GPx and IL-10 in days 7 and 14, as immobilized rats were compared with control rats (P<0.05). However, administration of probiotic could significantly improve the above mentioned parameters (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the use of probiotics could alleviate adverse effects of stress. It could be advised to use of probiotics in form of dairy and other supplements to overcome on stress.
Keywords: Antioxidant status, Immobilization stress, Inflammatory responses
Authors:
Mohamad Reza Nazer, Mohammad Darvishi, Arefeh Qolampour
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: The use of novel agents has been considered for management of different diseases. Gastric ulcer is a common disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of menthone, as a novel agent, on gastric ulcers in Indomethacin-induced model rat.
Methods: Animals were divided into 3 groups: 1) Control group that received only distilled water, 2) Animals were treated with 40 mg/kg bw omeprazole (Omeprazole) and 3) Animals were treated with 40 mg/kg bw menthone (Menthone). A single dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg body weight) was administrated to per animal. Gastric secretions and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in the end of trial.
Results: It was observed that an increased ulcer index, gastric volume, malondialdehyde level and decreased super oxide dismutase and pepsin activity in control group in comparison to other groups (P<0.05). The use of menthone and Omeprazole could alleviate the effects of indomethacin.
Conclusion: Menthone may not have positive effects similar to Omeprazole, but it could attenuate effects of indomethacin. We recommend using of menthone, as an efficient agent, for treatment of gastric ulcer.
Keywords: Gastric secretions, Menthone, Ulcer index, Rat model
Authors:
Abdolreza Kheirollahi, Shadi Hatami, Ali Olfati
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Obesity and inflammation stemmed from obesity basically affects fertility and male reproductive system by its negative effect on erectile dysfunction and semen variables. Novel factors could be used to determine the fertility and infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between novel markers with sperm quality in obese rats.
Methods: Animals were grouped into 2 groups including normal group received normal rat pellet diet for 12 weeks of intervention, while other group received a high fat diet. The serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-3, TNF-α, sialic acid, CRP, haptoglobin and fibrinogen were measured. Sperm motility was assessed.
Resuts: Results showed that progressive motility and non-progressive motility and immotile were respectively lower and higher in obese rats in comparison to control groups (P<0.05). It was observed positive correlation between inflammatory factors and immobility and negative correlation between progressive motility with inflammation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory factors had significant correlation with sperm quality and could be used as markers for infertility.
Keywords: Fibrinogen, Inflammatory factors, Obese rats, Sialic acid
Authors:
Manjeet Gupta , Mujeebullah Panizai, Muhammad Farooq Tareen, Sylvia Ortega-Martinez , Nanuli Doreulee
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Lycopene, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, is the reason for redness in tomatoes and some other vegetables. Lycopene has also been known as one fat-soluble red pigment that is produced by plants and some microorganisms. Nowadays, the effects of lycopene on healthiness have recently been significantly interested. Antioxidant properties of lycopene have been received attention as an anticancer. Different studies have investigated the effects of lycopene in relation to different cancers types. Lycopene significantly shows powerful anticancer activity against prostate cancer, even in progressed and aggressive condition. This review article aims to introduce the lycopene and possible mechanisms for the treatment of cancer.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Cancers, Lycopene
Authors:
Masoumeh Dodangheh, Tahmineh Mokhtari , Sina Mojaverrostami, Mostfa Nemati, Sam Zarbakhsh , Ali Arabkheradmand , Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background: Facial anthropometry is useful in individual identifcation and reconsructive
surgery. In the present sudy, we aimed to determine the facial characterisic of the Iranian
population through anthropometric sudy.
Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional sudy, 200 (100 male and 100 female) volunteer
medical sudents (aged 20-25 years) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected.
The facial variables including Total Facial Height (TFH), Upper Facial Height (UFH) and
Facial Width (FW) were measured and accordingly the Total Facial Index (TFI) and Upper
Facial Index (UFI) were calculated. The data were analyzed using Statisical Software (SPSS).
Results: The mean age of subjects was 22.97±1.12. the mean TFH, UFH, FW, TFI and UFI was
11.155 cm, 7.05 cm, 11.68 cm, 95.75, and 60.55, respectively. The mos common types of face
were hyperleptoprosopic (54%) and hyperleptene (54%) based on TFI and UFI, respectively.
There were signifcant differences in the facial characterisic including TFH (P<0.0001), UFH
(P<0.0001), FW (P=0.02), TFI (P<0.0001), and UFI (P<0.0001) of males and female subjects.
Conclusion: According to the results, the mos frequent face type was hyperleptoprosopic
based on TFI and hyperleptene based on UFI in Iranian population, which showed the
differences in the various populations. Additionally, the values of facial characterisics were
higher in males than females. So, sexual dimorphism was recorded according to the facial
measurements of Iranian population which can be considered in the reconsructive surgeries.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Face, Facial Index, Iranian population
Authors:
Marzieh Davoodi, Fayyaz Ahmed, Mujeebullah Panizai, Zia Obeidavi
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background and purpose: Malaria is one of most important diseases
especially in tropical regions. Flavonoids are known to have beneficial
properties that could be profitable. This study aimed to evaluate the effects
of nano-phytosomes of Quercetin (NQ) on liver damages of mice infected
with Plasmodium berghei.
Methods: A total of sixty male BALB/c mice were intra-peritoneally infected
by administration of 106 P.berghei-infected RBCs. Animals were
acclimatized for 7 days and divided into 5 groups including 1) Mice
received 0.9% isotonic saline and considered as negative control (NC) and
infected mice treated with saline or positive control (PC), 3) treated with 2
mg/kg body weight of Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HF) for 4 days (HF), 4)
treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of NQ for 4 days (NQ) and 5) treated
with 10 mg/kg body weight of NQ and 2 mg/kg body weight of HF for 4
days (NQ+HF). Histo-pathological parameters and pro-inflammatory
cytokines were also evaluated.
Results: Administration of P. berghei could increase scores for histopathological parameters and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines
(P<0.0001). Administration of HF and NQ could alleviate adverse effects of
P. berghei on histo-pathological parameters (P<0.05).
Conclusion: A combination of NQ and HF could show the best response. It
means that NQ can be used as adjuvant therapy for treatment of infection
induced by Plasmodium berghei.
Keywords: Malaria, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Quercetin, Liver damages
Authors:
Kamran Akhtar, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Aliza Kurmashvili
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Cancer has been known as one of the genetic disorder and also as second
cause for death in developed countries and/or even in developing countries.
It has been estimated to be 26 million new cases of cancer and 17 million
cancer death yearly. Some phytochemicals have been known to have
anticancer activity and on the other hand modern medicine lacks effective
drugs against certain types of cancers. Flavonoids are placed in the nucleus
of mesophyll cells and inside centers of reactive oxygen species group.
Alkaloids are known class of ring compounds nitrogen having organic
compounds which have a broad range of anticancer properties. In this
review article, we have described some phytochemicals and also possible
mechanisms for prevention of cancer.
Keywords: Alkaloids, Anticancer, Phytochemical
Authors:
Sedighe Yousefi, Faezeh Nemati Karimooy, Toktam Miyanbandi, Fatemeh Esmaeilpour
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
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Abstract
Background and purpose: Natural agents have been used for protection
against damages. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary
supplementing of resveratrol on antioxidant status improvement in
hypercholestrolemic rats with Plasmodium berghei.
Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups including rats fed with basal diet
(Control group), basal diet containing resveratrol 2.5 mg/kg (2.5 RES), basal
diet containing 5.0 mg/kg of resveratrol (5.0 RES), basal diet containing 1%
cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (Control HC), basal diet containing 2.5 mg/kg
of resveratrol and 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (2.5 RES-HC), basal
diet containing resveratrol 5.0 mg/kg and 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid
(5.0 RES-HC). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG),
high density lipoprotein (HDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and low density
lipoprotein (LDL) and expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx),
glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase-1 and sulfiredoxin-1 were
assessed.
Results: The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and
malondialdehyde were significantly higher and level of HDL was
significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic rats, but dietary
supplementation with resveratrol significantly improved them (P<0.05).
Hypercholesterolemic rats showed a decrease in GPx and GR and an
increase in paraoxonase-1 and sulfiredoxin-1 compared to the healthy
control (P<0.05), but applying resveratrol improved the adverse effects of
hypercholesterolemia on mentioned parameters (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Resveratrol can be used for treatment of patients with
hypercholesterolemia.
Keywords: Antioxidant status, Blood parameters, Resveratrol, Wistar rats
Authors:
Mohamad Kazem Shahmoradi, Majid Askaripour, Soodeh Rajabi, Giga Dzigandzli
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
(0 downloads)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the
most common endocrine disorders in the women and animals. Some
common hormonal therapies are used to treat the PCOS condition. This
study was conducted to evaluate the effects of curcumin on rats with PCOS
by evaluation of the gene expression of the GLUT4 and Erα and insulin
resistance.
Methods: Following induction of PCOS, sixty Sprague–Dawley female rats
were divided into four groups including: (1) Control group (2) Control
PCOS (3 & 4) those treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of curcumin
respectively. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin serum
(FIS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and
gene expression of GLUT4 and Erα were evaluated.
Results: Induction of PCOS increased body weight, FBG, FIS, HOMA-IR and
decreased gene expression of GLUT4 and Erα (P<0.05), but oral
administration of curcumin could alleviate adverse effects of PCOS on the
mentioned parameters (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that curcumin alleviates adverse effects of
PCOS. It can be recommended to use the curcumin for the treatment of
patients with PCOS.
Keywords: Curcumin, PCOS, Erα, Fasting insulin, GLUT4, Rat
Authors:
Anna Baratashvili, Elena Javakhishvili, Emma Tarkhnishvili, Isabel Kvantidze
Year: 2018,
Volume: 2,
Number: 1
(0 downloads)
Abstract
Background and purpose: High-fat diet (HFD) is one risk factor in some
disorders and increases oxidative stress. The use of carvacrol and voluntary
exercise can be profitable. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the
single and combined effects between carvacrol and voluntary exercise on
gene expression in hippocampus of male rats fed with high-fat diet.
Methods: A total number of 60 adult Wistar male rats were divided into 5
groups: 1) Healthy control, 2) HFD group, 3) VE group that received HFD
plus voluntary exercise, 4) Carvacrol group received HFD plus Carvacrol
and 5) VE+ Carvacrol group that received HFD plus Carvacrol and
voluntary exercise. Gene expression of hippocampal brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (Trk-B),
synapsin I and Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding protein (CREB) were
investigated.
Results: HFD significantly decreased expression of BDNF, Trk-B, synapsin I
and CREB, but inclusion of carvacrol and the use of voluntary exercise
could significantly increased gene expression of BDNF, Trk-B, synapsin I
and CREB (P<0.05). The best responses were observed in animals fed with
carvacrol in along to voluntary exercise (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that carvacrol and voluntary exercise can
improve gene expression of BDNF, Trk-B, synapsin I and CREB in rats fed
with HFD. It is thus recommended to use of the Carvacrol and voluntary
exercise in peoples that consume HFD.
Keywords: BDNF, Carvacrol, Exercise, High-fat diet, Rat
