3D Forensic Facial Reconstruction: A Review of the Traditional Sculpting Methods and Recent Computerised Developments
Journal Title: International Journal of Forensic Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Forensic facial reconstruction aims at achieving a likeness of the facial outlook of the deceased based on the underlying skull for the purpose of recognition and identification. On encountering a greatly decomposed, mutilated, or skeletonized body, facial reconstruction can be used as a last resort technique to identify the unknown skeletal remains, when the usual methods of investigation fail. This paper focuses mainly on the three-dimensional aspect of facial reconstruction, giving an overview of both the traditional and the computerized techniques. Traditional methods involve physically modeling the clay onto the skull replica to sculpt the face, which tends to be subjective and time-taking. However, with the recent advancement in technology, newer, more rapid and flexible computer-based techniques are underway. Nevertheless, all reconstruction techniques are based on the relationship between the skull and the overlying tissues and thus, the evolution of the various techniques for facial soft tissue depth measurements along with their limitations have also been summarised. One of the major challenges it has to face in the coming future will be to fully explore this relationship between the hard and soft tissues and furthermore increase the accuracy and reliability of the various techniques.
Authors and Affiliations
Rinchon S, Arpita S*, Mahipal S and Rajeev K
Evaluation of Seven Immunoassays Not Commonly Used in Toxicology
Several abused drugs are routinely screened by forensic laboratories. However, there are other commonly abused drugs that are not routinely screened. Diphenhydramine, dextromethorphan, methadone, sertraline, fluoxetine,...
A Pilot Study Investigating Tooth Wear as a Possible Aging Indicator in a Modern Population
This study explores the correlation between tooth wear and age at death of modern people to appreciate the appropriateness of using tooth wear as an independent aging indicator in a forensic context. As a pilot study, d...
Geographical Assignment and Molecular Tracking in Wildlife Offences: A Case Study of Seized Elephant Tail Hair
Tracking geographic origin of parts traded in wildlife offences is a critical aspect of wildlife management which enables to strengthen ground level enforcement and in determining changes taking place in population demo...
Pulmonary Edema in Forensic Autopsy in a Developing Community
Forensic autopsy is required in obscure deaths. In a documented experience, pulmonary edema featured among other pathologies. Therefore, this paper documents the examples of such edema found among an Ethnic Group domici...
Identification of Blood Stains on Different Fabrics after Washing with Routinely Used Detergents in India
Blood is concerned to be major evidence during crime scene investigations and can play an important role to trace and to link or eliminate a suspect to a crime. Often criminals attempt to remove these blood traces from t...