A Case Study: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polyclorinated Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated biphenyls, and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the bone marrow and lymph nodes of adult reindeer (Rangifer tarandustarandus L.) hind in Finland
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 5
Abstract
It is typical for POPs that they are transported long distances from source to sink areas. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandustarandus L.) is considered to be one of the most important indicator species for environmental toxic contaminants because it uses natural pastures and is exposing continuously to environmental contaminant deposition [1]. The immune system is one of the most sensitive targets for the toxic effects of TCDD and structurally similar POPs [2]. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is important factor in immunotoxic mechanism of POPs. Many pathways of cellular activation, proliferation, and survival have the potential to be influenced by AhR activation, leading to alterations in the function of the immune system [3,4]. We report PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs content of tissues relating to immune system and hematopoiesis, lymph nodes and bone marrow, of adult reindeer hind. The congener specific profiles are explored and compared between these two tissue types. An adult reindeer hind (age > 10 years) from Finnish reindeer management area (southern site) was slaughtered and lymph nodes and bone marrow samples were immediately extracted for analysis. High resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was used to analyses of POPs. Analyzes were performed at the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), in the Unit of Chemical Exposure, in Finland. The Unit is a FINAS accredited testing laboratory (No T077) according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 requirements. It is seen that WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ concentrations are slightly higher in lymph node sample than in bone marrow sample. Considering WHO-PCB-TEQs an opposite observation is seen; WHO-PCB-TEQ in bone marrow is higher than in lymph nodes. This is applying also to indicator-PCBs, which concentration 3.95 ng/g fat in lymph nodes is 27% lower than concentration (5.40 ng/g fat) in bone marrow. When examining PBDE concentrations there is clear difference between the samples. PBDE concentration in bone marrow (0.18 ng/g fat, lower bound) is 99% lower than in lymph nodes (28.5 ng/g fat). A contribution of BDE-209 is wide; it almost covers the whole total concentration. In lymph nodes the congener most contributing the total WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ is 2,3,7,8-TCDF, when in bone marrow the corresponding congener is 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF. Other discernible PCDD/F congeners in the samples are 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. Considering the coplanar non-ortho-PCB congeners in the lymph nodes the most frequently seen are PCB-126 and PCB-77. However, in bone marrow sample PCB-77 is thin, whereas PCB-126 is contributing strongly to WHO-PCB-TEQ. Comparing the PBDE congener profiles between the lymph node and bone marrow samples there is seen a clear difference. In bone marrow sample BDE-153 and BDE-209 are the most heavily contributing congeners their concentrations being quite equal (0.088 ng/g fat for BDE-153 and 0.092 ng/g fat for BDE- 209, respectively). The total PBDE sum of bone marrow sample is low, only 0.18 ng/g fat, lower bound (0.29 ng/g fat, upper bound). In lymph node sample, there is seen that almost all contribution to total sum of PBDEs is coming from BDE-209. Its concentration is much higher than any other PBDE congener, namely 28 ng/g fat (Total PBDE sum 28.5 ng/g fat, lower bound, 28.6 ng/g fat, upper bound).
Authors and Affiliations
Anniina Holma-Suutari, Sauli Laaksonen
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP571762
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000417
- Views 138
- Downloads 0
Airways Surface Liquid and Ion Transport - The Mechanism Maintained Patency
The airway epithelium is covered with a thin, liquid protective layer - Airways Surface Liquid (ASL), which is a hydrogel, 3-50μm thick. ASL is created and maintained by water (AQPs) and ion transport, especially sodium...
Is c-kit Gene Product involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Pilot Study Oriented Towards Patient Outcome
SSC: Squamous Cell Carcinomas; EMT: Epithelial-Mesnchymal Transition; PDGF: Platelet- Derived Growth Factor; SCF: Stem Cell Factor; HPF: High-Power –Fields; SMA: Smooth Muscle Antigen; PDGF: Platelet-Derived Growth Facto...
Challenges in the treatment of West syndrome
West syndrome is a rare and severe infant epileptic encephalopathy, covering 25-30% of infantile epilepsies. It’s incidence is 2-3.5/ 10000 live births. The clinical picture usually starts with infantile spasms, which ca...
Acute Sensory Neuropathy and Progressive Dysphagia with Anti-GQ1b Antibody Positive: A Case Report
Anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, resulting in the development of Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia and Bickerstaff b...
A Case of Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Daniel was a case of Xeroderma pigmentosum, which was confirmed by genetic examinations at the University of Tübingen. The skin of patients which is exposed to light develops malignant tumors as a result of the light ray...