A Community Based Study on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Postmenopausal Females: Microbiological Spectrum and SocioDemographic Correlates
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2017, Vol 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a common and serious complication of sexually transmitted diseases in young women but is rarely diagnosed in the postmenopausal women. Very few studies have been done regarding postmenopausal PID. Aim: To determine the burden of PID, associated micro-organisms, pathophysiology and risk factors among post-menopausal women of the community. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 530 post-menopausal women in the registered field practice areas of the JN Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. A pre designed and pre tested proforma was used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic details and factors associated with PID. Clinical and laboratory examinations were done to confirm the diagnosis of PID. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Association between categorical variables was tested with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was used to find independent risk factors. The value of p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: About 11.55% of the study subjects were diagnosed with PID (12.5% in rural areas and 10.6% in urban areas). Bacterial vaginosis followed by Trichomonas vaginalis were most common. Among the important risk factors, significant association was found with occupation of the women, increasing parity, multiple sexual contacts, and associated pelvic organ prolapse. Association with smoking, chronic illnesses, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and associated urinary tract infection were not found to be significant. Conclusion: The study shows the hidden burden of the disease in the community and the associated risk factors, which can be prevented by life style and cultural changes if incorporated earlier in the lives.
Authors and Affiliations
Samreen Khan, M Athar Ansari, Shaista M Vasenwala, Zehra Mohsin
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP334328
- DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24559.9433
- Views 78
- Downloads 0
An Improved Osmotic Fragility Protocol for Screening of Beta Thalassaemia Carriers in Remote and Resource Limited Settings
Introduction: In a vast country like India where beta thalassaemia is a health burden and majority of the population reside in rural regions, a simple and economic primary screening test is vital. Aim: To modify the exis...
Can Unilateral Pityriasis Rosea be Considered a Form of Superimposed Lateralized Exanthem?
Letter to Editor
Dental Students’ Perception of Dentine Hypersensitivity and Awareness about its Management
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dentine hypersensitivity is a common painful oral condition that can interfere with drinking, eating, tooth brushing and even breathing. Successful management depends on the identification and elim...
Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene in Base Excision Repair Pathway in a Southern Indian Population
ABSTRACT Introduction: Breast cancer, the most complex multifactorial disease, one of the most common malignancies seen in females over the world. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur in DNA repair genes are...
Bilateral Solitary Glomus Tumour of Thumb: A Case Report
Glomus tumours are benign neoplastic lesions of glomus body, a thermoregulatory apparatus of cutaneous microvasculature. These tumours can arise at any location of the body but most commonly seen in subungual region of f...