A Computed Tomography-Aided Clinical Report on Anatomical Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (IJMRHS) - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
Purpose: Te purpose of this study was to defning the prevalence, size of incidence of different anatomical variations of the paranasal sinus (PNS) and nasal cavity among Sudanese patients and efcacy of CT scan in disease determination. Introduction: Disease of the PNS is a global public health problem, with the only treatment option available being endoscopic surgery. Previous studies have suggested that anatomical variations of the PNS are common in different populations; however, there is little information available to verify this. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of different anatomical variations of the PNS and nasal cavity among Sudanese patients who were referred by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons for a computed tomography (CT)-aided study. Methodology: Te total number of patients eligible for the study was 557; of these, 51 were excluded, 317 were in the study group, and 189 were controls. Te CT images were carefully reviewed and discussed with the involvement of consultant radiologists, an anatomist, and an otolaryngologist. Results: Our results showed that there was extensive pneumatization of the frontal sinus (FS) in 37% of cases, a rudimentary FS in 11%, and absence of the FS in 12%. In addition, the Keros classifcation showed the FS to be normal in 55%, type I in 27%, type II in 10%, type III in 6%, and type IV in only 2% of patients. A large ethmoid bulla (EB) was found in 43% of patients, but the remaining 57% had a normal ethmoid sinus. Posterior ethmoid cells showed extensive pneumatization unilaterally in 5%, and bilaterally in 3% of patients; 92% were normal. Extensive pneumatization of the sphenoid was seen in 49% of patients, while the remaining 51% had a normal sphenoid. Te sphenoid septum was attached bilaterally to the internal carotid artery in 6% and unilaterally in 21% of patients. A septate sphenoid sinus (more than one septum) was found in 33% of patients; the remaining 67% were normal. A bilateral hypoplastic maxillary sinus was seen in 23%, a unilateral hypoplastic maxillary sinus in 3%, extensive pneumatization in 17%, bilateral septation in 17%, unilateral septation in 19%, Haller cells in 33%, and normal anatomy in 67% of patients. Conclusion: A CT-aided study gives good results describing anatomical variations of the PNS in the Sudanese population and to the best of our knowledge, this is the frst detailed clinical report on PNS in Sudan.
Authors and Affiliations
Salah ELdeen Dafalla| Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Corresponding e-mail: salahelneel1@gmail.com, Mohamed Ali Seyed| Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Nazik A Elfadil| Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Osman M Elmustafa| Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan, Zakir Hussain| Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutics, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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