A Journey through the World of Fixed Functional Appliances.
Journal Title: International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR) - Year 2019, Vol 2, Issue 2
Abstract
Fixed functional appliances are non-compliant Class II corrector appliances that were first brought into the orthodontic arena by Emil Herbst. Ever since, several inventors have introduced their own appliances. Through this article, an attempt is done to give a brief review of the fixed functional appliances. Introduction Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism with the resultant sagittal discrepancy is one of the most frequently encountered types of malocclusion17. A large number of removable and fixed appliances are available for growth – related correction of the distal dental base relationship16. While elastics, headgears and removable functional appliances are used to treat Class II malocclusions, none can match the efficiency of fixed functional appliances since they work twenty four hours a day, round the clock, to enhance forward growth of the mandible by remodeling the glenoid fossa and by restricting the growth of the maxilla. Emil Herbst first introduced his fixed functional appliance (Herbst appliance in 1909). Since then and up to the seventies, very little was known about it15. It was at that time that Hans Pancherz, brought the subject back into discussion with the publication of several articles on the Herbst appliance. It was only in the eighties that several systems derived from Herbst’s work started to appear. A number of fixed functional appliances have gained popularity in recent years to help achieve better results in non-compliant patients. Fixed functional appliances are effective in the management of Class II malocclusions17. This is the only successful bite - jumping treatment for non-compliant, post – pubertal patients that do not require orthognathic surgery at a later stage. Fixed functional appliances have been reported to correct Class II skeletal malocclusions by encouraging mandibular growth and by eliciting dentoalveolar effects16. Classification of Fixed Functional Appliances Fixed functional appliances are classified into four categories, depending upon the features of force system used to advance the mandible23: Rigid Fixed Functional Appliances. Flexible Fixed Functional Appliances. Hybrid Appliances. Appliances acting as substitute for elastics. Rigid fixed functional appliances include the following: Herbst Appliance. Ritto Appliance. Mandibular Protraction Appliance (MPA). Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA). Functional Mandibular Advancer (FMA). Flexible fixed functional appliances include the following: Jasper Jumper. Amoric Torsion Coils. Adjustable Bite Corrector. Klapper Superspring II. Churro Jumper. Hybrid fixed functional appliances include the following: Eureka Spring. Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device. Twin Force Bite Corrector. Appliances acting as substitute for elastics include: Calibrated Force Module. Alpern Class II Closers.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Olavo Neil
Keywords
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