A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF EMPATHY, AND THE OCCURRENCE OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND STRESS IN SOCIAL SETTINGS
Journal Title: Acta Neuropsychologica - Year 2013, Vol 11, Issue 2
Abstract
Empathy has been the object of increasing attention, not only in the context of interpersonal functioning, but also in psychopathology. The contemporary model of empathy assumes that it has three components: 1) empathic concern (the capacity to share feelings and express sympathy for people who have encountered misfortune); 2) perspective taking (the tendency to understand another’s point of view); 3) personal distress (taking on another person's negative feelings). The goal of our research was to analyze how the contemporary model of empathy may be related to personality disorders and the stress felt in situations of daily life.We used the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (SWE), the Masculine Gender Role Stress (MGRS) Scale, the Feminine Gender Role Stress (FGS) Scale, and the IBZO-DSM-IV Inventory as a diagnostic instrument. The correlations were analyzed between empathy, personality disorders, and gender role stress. One hundred and eighty persons (110 women) participated in the research.Personal distress correlated positively with personality disorders, while perspective taking correlated negatively. Emotional empathy correlated positively with the tendency to experience gender role stress, whereas perspective taking correlated negatively with masculine role stress. Our results confirm a relationship between disturbed mechanisms of emotional regulation (personal distress), personality disorders according to DSM-IV, and stress. Persons who share another’s negative emotions have problems with realizing social expectations. The ability to grasp another person’s perspective is associated with lower risk of personality disorders and gender role stress. This is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic work with persons with personality disorders.
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Kaźmierczak, Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska, Magdalena Błażek
Keywords
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