A Rare Case of Anti Dopamine D-2 receptor antibody encephalitis.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Regional encephalitic syndromes described previously under various names which include basal ganglia encephalitis and encephalitis lethargica specifically affect basal ganglia (1). These disorders are proposed to be autoimmune in etiology (1) basal ganglia encephalitis (BEG) patients present with subcortical features which include movement disorders like dystonia, parkinsonism or chorea (2). These patients also present with hypersomnolence and psychiatric features like emotional lability and attention deficit, psychosis & obsessive compulsive disorder. Response to immunotherapy, histopathology of basal ganglia revealing lymphocytic cuffing and inflammatory CSF( lymphocytic pleocytosis & oligoclonal bands) support autoimmune process which targets grey matter neurons (1,3). FDG-PET done in these patients mostly demonstrate basal ganglia hypermetobolism. MRI in some of these patients reveals T2 weighted hyperintensity, basal ganglia swelling and sometimes signal change in brainstem with basal ganglia gliosis and atrophy on follow up scan (1,4). In view of important role of dopamine as neurotransmitter and its impact on movement and psychiatric disorder, Dale et al. did analysis on dopamine receptor as target for auto antibodies in these patients (4).
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Omar Farooq
Keywords
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