A STUDY OF BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN YOUNG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Journal Title: Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 35
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a normal constituent of the earth’s crust, with trace amounts found naturally in soil, plants and water. Over the years lead has become one of the most popular elements in the manufacturing of man-made products. Lead, having no beneficial role to humans enters the body through multiple routes and gets distributed and stored in almost every organ resulting in the defective functions of the organ. This study has been undertaken to determine whether the blood lead level has any role in Hypertension. The objectives of the study are to estimate the blood levels in young patients with Hypertension and compare with the older patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with Systolic blood pressure more than 140 mmHg and/or Diastolic blood pressure more than 90 mmHg and/or current use of blood pressure–lowering medication constitute the study population and patients with secondary causes of hypertension were excluded. Patients were further investigated for complete blood count, fasting lipid profile, serum electrolytes, Electrocardiogram, 2D echocardiograph and blood lead levels. Settings and Design- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 Primary hypertensive patients attending Medicine and Cardiology Out Patient Department in a private medical college over a period of 12 months. They were categorized into 2 groups of 50 each based on their age (younger group <45 yrs. and older group > 45 yrs.). Statistical Analysis- Results were analysed using IBM SPSS version 19.0 at 5% level of significance. The suitable statistical techniques used are linear discriminant analysis and independent sample t test. Wilk's Lambda value (p-value = 0.000*) was observed to be significant. RESULTS In Young primary hypertension patients studied, the mean age was 39.22 with a standard deviation of 5.4 years whereas in old primary hypertensive patients, the mean age was 60.26 with a standard deviation of 6.7 years. Among younger patients, 66% (n=33) were men and 34% (n=17) were women as compared to 44% (n=22) men and slightly higher percentage of women around 56% (n= 28) among the old primary hypertension patients. The mean blood lead level was 11.330 mg/dl among younger patients as compared to mean of 21.172 mg/dl among the older age group indicating a significant increase in blood lead levels as the age progresses, though the lead levels were in normal range. CONCLUSION The study revealed a significant correlation of serum lead concentration with progression of age, though no such correlation was found with Hypertension. However further studies with larger sample size and data in regard to specific occupation, life style and geographic location can yield significant results to attribute serum lead as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.
Authors and Affiliations
Ayilnagarajan Ramesh, Mookkappan Sudhagar, Mark Christopher Professor, Department of Cardiology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India. , Basheer Aneesh, Iqbal Nayyar
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP571282
- DOI 10.18410/jebmh/2018/529
- Views 56
- Downloads 0
A STUDY OF SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION IN DRESSING OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer is very common now a days. It ranges from 15% to 25%. Various methods and dressing agents have been tried for dressing. In this study, silver nitrate in solution form as a dressing agent ha...
A STUDY OF VARIATION OF TOTAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT AND PLATELET COUNT WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
BACKGROUND Menstrual cycle is a physiological state which is associated with numerous changes affecting the hormone levels. The blood counts change especially the leucocyte count and the platelet count, which may give an...
PATTERN OF LUNG CANCER METASTASIS BASED ON PET CT
BACKGROUND Accurate staging is the cornerstone in management of lung cancer. It helps to determine the therapeutic modality and to assess prognosis. More than half of bronchogenic carcinomas have distant metastasis at th...
POST-TRAUMATIC FRACTURE NON-UNION OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS WITH COMPROMISED ROTATOR CUFF TREATED WITH REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY: A CASE REPORT
We here with present a case of post-traumatic fracture non-union of proximal humerus with compromised rotator cuff in a 50 yrs old retired BSF jawan, who presented to our OPD with a chief complaint of pain, decreased ROM...
A RARE PRESENTATION OF GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF DISTAL ULNAWIDE RESECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION USING PROXIMAL FIBULA AND TFCC RECONSTRUCTION USING PALMARIS LONGUS TENDON
Giant cell tumour of the bone (GCT) is a rare locally aggressive primary bone tumour with an incidence of 3% to 5% of all primary bone tumours. The most common location for this tumour is the long bone meta-epiphysis esp...