A Study of Pattern of Opioid Users in a Southern District of Punjab State, India
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 11
Abstract
Introduction: Drug dependence is significant problem in Punjab, most drug dependant people use opioids. The widespread drug abuse in India can be attributed to the easy availability of drugs. Only one out of six drug users have access to treatment globally. Women in particular appear to face barriers to treatment. Material and method: Patients with minimum age of 18 years, who had urine positive test for opioids and dependant on opioids as per ICD-10 criteria were taken into the study. Socio- demographic details were collected. Symptoms of Opium withdrawal were assessed using Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS). Presence or absence of any psychological illness was screened using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results : In this study majority of participants were in age group of 26-50years,40%were educated till primary school and 31.5% were educated till higher primary school,56% were farmers, majority were using opioid for more than 5 years ,reason for opioid use was for doing heavy work, Bhukki and Afeem were most commonly used opioid and consuming orally was common mode of using it, majority of participants were treated and had family history of opioid use, Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale(COWS) showed mild withdrawal in 87% and moderate in 13%, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) showed positive psychological symptoms in 74.5% of the sample. Conclusion: This study shows that young adults and farmers are more prone to opioid addiction to relieve pain after heavy work. Epidemic of opioid addiction can be quelled by treatment with medication along with counseling.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Mruthyunjaya Nagaraj, Dr. Deepak R. S, Ramanpreet Kaur, Rupleen Kaur
Keywords
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- EP ID EP415458
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1711044448.
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