A Study of the Anticaries Activity of Three Common Chewing Sticks and Two Brands of Toothpaste in South West Nigeria
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 11, Issue 5
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate three common chewing sticks and two brands of toothpaste in south west Nigeria for the ability to control caries-causing bacteria. With an increase in tooth decay and gum diseases all over the world, there is need to produce oral cleaning agents that will better control caries-causing bacteria. Study Design: Three common chewing sticks in South-West Nigeria- Fagara zanthoxyloides (FZ), Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Massularia accuminata (MA)- and two brands of toothpaste- Close Up and Macleans- were evaluated for their anti-caries activities. Fifty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the bacteria often implicated in dental caries, isolated from patients presenting with various dental problems at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria were obtained from the Medical Microbiology Department of the Hospital. Methodology: The isolates were challenged with the toothpastes, undiluted, as well as ethanol and aqueous extracts of the chewing sticks using the agar cup diffusion method. The chewing sticks were also screened for secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Results: The ethanol extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides (FZ) showed the highest anti-caries activity followed by Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and then Massularia acuminata (MA). 43 isolates (86%) were sensitive to the ethanol extract of Fagara zanthoxyloides while 36 (72%) and 25 (50%) were sensitive to Vernonia amygdalina and Massularia acuminata respectively. Both brands of toothpaste were inferior to the ethanol extracts of all the chewing sticks in anti-caries activity. Only 15 (30%) and 20 (40%) of the isolates were sensitive to Close up and Macleans respectively. 16 (32%), 14 (28%) and 10 (20%) of the isolates were sensitive to the aqueous extracts of FZ, MA and VA respectively. Conclusion: The active constituents in the ethanol extracts of the chewing sticks will be useful as anti caries components of herbal toothpastes which are becoming common in the market.
Authors and Affiliations
Odeleye Olubola Florence, Okunye Olufemi Lionel, Kesi Christopher, Abatan Temitope Olubunmi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342526
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/26004
- Views 96
- Downloads 0
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Terrestrial Streptomyces baarnensis MH4
Aims: Isolation, screening and identification of potent bioactive compounds producing Streptomyces sp. from the terrestrial soil of Egypt. Fermentation study, product recovery, purification and its characterization was a...
Effect of Sub-chronic Admnistration of Mascum Herbal Pride on Sperm Quality of Male Albino Rats
The effect of Mascum Herbal Pride - a registered popular polyherbal medication composed of Hepo-createa pollen 20%, Xylopia aethiopica 20%, Medicago sativa 20%, Tetrapieura tetrapetra 20%, Urtica dioica 20% with indicati...
Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on Organs of HIV Infected Children in Abia State, Nigeria
Aim: The aim of the study is to detect effect of zidovudine + lamivudine+nevirapine (AZT+3TC+NVP) on liver and kidney. Study Design: Sixty-four children age 0 to 5 years attending FMC Umuahia were enrolled for the study...
Evaluation of Effect of Insurance Coverage on Sale Volume and Price of Entered Drugs in Insurance List in 2012 in Iran
Background: Drug industry is considered as the second profitable industry in the world and plays an important role in global economy. The sharp annual growth in drug expenditures imposes heavy loads on the health insuran...
Segregated Delivery of Rifampicin and Isoniazid from Fixed Dose Combination Bilayer Tablets for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Aims: Develop an anti-tuberculosis (TB) Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) tablet containing an immediate release layer (IRL) composed of both rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PYR) and a retarded release layer (RRL) comprise...