A Study of Virulence Factors Associated with ESβL Producing Escherichia Coli Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection at A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 13, Issue 4
Abstract
Purpose: The study examined the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples of UTI patients at the ObafemiAwolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. Methods: Virulence tests for haemolysin, biofilm formation encapsulation and toxin production as well standard antibiotic susceptibility tests and phenotypic tests for ESβL production were conducted on the isolates under study. A further search for genes encoding ESβL production was made at the molecular using the Polymerase Chain Reaction/Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method. Results: Of the thirty-six strains evaluated, all isolates were found to be resistant to at least two classes of antibiotics used in this study, of which 28 strains (77.8%) were found to carry a CTX-M ESβL gene type of the two genes tested. Encapsulation was found to be the most commonly encountered virulence factor associated with these isolates (97.2%). Conclusion: Multiple antibiotic resistances (in this case ESβL) can be said to be critical to the survival of uropathogenic E. coli in this environment.Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a term that describes all infections associated with the urinary system. Clinically, it is detected by the presence of significant levels of bacteria count in the urine (hence “bacteriuria”) usually 104-106 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) [1]. Different organisms have been implicated in the etiology of UTIs, the most commonly encountered being Escherichia coli, which accounts for over 80% of community acquired infections [2] and responsible for about half of nosocomial UTIs [4]. Generally, the success of any pathogen depends on its ability to i. Enter the host, ii. Bypass host defenses, iii. Colonize and cause infection, iv. And resist elimination by antibiotics as well as immunological factors created by the host and ensure effective transfer to another host. The ability to accomplish (i)- (iii) and part of (iv) has been found to be the result of an interplay of virulence factors, most of which have been studied in detail [5]. Previous reports have shown that there are no particular virulence characteristics associated with UPEC, although it has been found to express an array of common virulence traits, hence its simple definition by Hilbert as any E. coli isolate found in the urine of a patient with UTI [3]. This phenotypic and genomic diversity observed in UPEC as an extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) [6] suggests that the pathogenic basis of success of UPEC varies from strain to strain, a hypothesis that brings in the possibility of factors other than virulence being responsible for the success of these pathogens.Studies in recent years have reported UPEC to harbor multidrug resistance genes, with a marked association with Extended spectrum β-lactamase [ESβL] genes [7]. ESβL confers resistance to third generation cephalosporins and monobactams and are often borne on large plasmids (80kb or larger) which simultaneously harbour genes that code for multi-resistance to several groups of antibiotics [8]. ESΒLs have evolved as mutated variants of the TEM and SHV type of β-lactamases, which were the first plasmid mediated β-lactamases to be reported [9]. Today, several ESBL types have been discovered and described [10], and more are still being discovered. The hypothesis of this study is that multidrug resistance (in this case ESβL) rather than the traditional urovirulence parameters in UPEC may explain the success of these pathogens.
Authors and Affiliations
Olasehinde Olubunmi Ore Ofetomilayo, Aboderin Oladipo, Lamikanra Adebayo
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP594749
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002430
- Views 173
- Downloads 0
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