A Study on Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and associated factors in a Tertiary care Hospital in Tumkur, Karnataka
Journal Title: National Journal of Research in Community Medicine - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infection or hospital acquired infection refers to the infection occurring in patients after admission at the hospital that was neither present nor incubating at the time of admission. It is one of the public health problems throughout the world. Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are commonest nosocomial infections after urinary tract infection. Surgical site infections have been responsible for the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality related to surgical operations and continue to be a major problem even in hospitals with most modern facilities and standard protocols of pre-operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted. All 1000 patients who got admitted in surgical wards and underwent various abdominal surgeries in District Hospital, Tumkur were included. Surgical sites were examined and graded as clean, clean contaminated, contaminated and dirty based on the extent of intraoperative contamination. The data collected includes details of surgical wound infection, the wound classes, preoperative stay, duration of operation, types of intervention (emergency and elective surgeries), co-morbidity status apart from demographic profile of the patient. Culture and sensitivity testing was done on infected wounds. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and Pearson’s Chi square test was used for analysis. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Surgical site infections rate was 12.40%. SSIs were common among the aged, females, emergency surgeries, increase in surgical wound class, increase in preoperative hospital stay, longer duration of surgery and in anaemics, diabetics, hypertensives and obese. Most of the SSIs yielded multiple organisms and the most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus Aureus 53(42%). Conclusion: The incidence of SSI is high. A pre-existing medical illness, prolonged operating time, the wound class, emergency surgeries and wound contamination strongly predispose to wound infection. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective in reducing the incidence of post-operative wound infections for a number of different operative procedures but, timing of administration is critical.
Authors and Affiliations
Roshan T. Mudaraddi, Waseem Anjum, Chandrashekhar B M, Ahmedi Fathima, Naveed Abrar
Keywords
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