A Study on the Morphometry of Occipital Condyles and Suboccipital Muscles in Human Dry Skulls and its Clinical Significance
Journal Title: Indian Journal of Anatomy - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: The base of the human skull presents Occipital condyle which articulates with the atlas vertebra forming AtlantaOccipital joint. Keeping the head in inclined posture to engage in actions may play major role in architecture of facet. Maintenance of a particular posture demands more activity from muscles concerned. In this context the role of muscles in terms of traction to maintain a desired posture cannot be ruled out. More anatomical facts on the condyle facets will play an additional boon for the day to day surgeries. Materials & Methods: One hundred adult South Indian skulls were examined using the scale, divider and the transparent centimeter reticule in the present study. The shape, size, the anteriorposterior diameter (length) and transverse diameter (width), surface area of occipital condyles on both sides were estimated. The location and number of extra facets were also noted. The surface area of suboccipital muscles were measured in search of the functional relation. Results: Mean anteroposterior (length) and transverse diameter(width) of occipital condyles were 2.12cm & 1.1 cm on right side and 2.2 cm & 1.2 cm on left respectively. Mean Surface areas of the facet were 1.76 square centimeter (sq cm) on right and 1.9 sq cm on left which was significant. 22 extra facets were present maximally on the posteromedial aspect of the left occipital condyles. Its mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter were 0.52cm & 0.44 cm on right side and 0.45 cm &0.36 cm on left respectively. Mean surface areas (sq cm) of suboccipital muscles rectus capitis minor, rectus Capitis major and Obliquus Capitis Superior were 4.9, 5.05 and 10.56 on left side and 4.96,5.37 and 10.82 on right side respectively. Statistically the valued proved to be significant. Conclusion: The present study provides anatomical knowledge on the measurements of the occipital condyles serves as a guide in various head and neck procedures for the Neurosurgeons and the Orthopaedicians. The incidence of the facets and the measurements of impressions of the suboccipital muscles on the occipital bone mentions the tilting posture of the humans on one side.
Authors and Affiliations
Swetha B
Chronologic Developmental Histology of Human Adrenal Medulla
Development of human adrenal medulla has always been a topic of quandary because of insufficient literature. Most of the studies on adrenal medulla pertain to various species of animals but human fetuses. This research w...
A Morphometric Study of Proximal Femoral Geometry in Maharashtrian Population and its Clinical Perspective
Background and objectives: The proximal end of femur has been the subject of much attention for Orthopaedic surgeons, as operations on it are one of the commonest among orthopaedic surgical procedures. Fractures of proxi...
A Morphometric Study of Carrying Angle in Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand
Context: The Carrying angle is defined as the angle between the median axis of arm and that of fully extended and supinated forearm. It is generally greater in females than in males and ranges from 2°-21° in males and 2°...
Morphological Study of Anterior Coracoscapular Ligament
Suprascapular notch harboring the two ligaments, namely superior transverse scapular ligament and anterior coracoscapular ligament is a potential site contributing in causation of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome....
Estimation of Correlation between Length of Middle Finger and Stature in Maharashtra Region
Context: Measurement of stature and middle finger lengths are part of studies in anthropology. Aims: To evaluate correlation between length of middle fingers and stature of college students in both males and females of m...