“Abd-i memluk” in social perception: The social identity of male slaves according to court records of Trabzon<p>Toplumsal algıda “abd-ı memluk”: Trabzon şer’iyye sicillerine göre erkek kölelerin toplumsal kimliği
Journal Title: Journal of Human Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 14, Issue 3
Abstract
Dating back to archaic ages, Trabzon had hosted several societies before it was conquered in 1461 by Ottomans. Having been dominated by Trabzon Empire for a long time, the city harbored continuous human population and became a city of Muslims with the ultimate conquest of Fatih the Conqueror and Christians’, who had comprised the majority of the population, becoming minority in the region in time. Being among the people comprising the population of the city, slaves did not form a different section of the population by nature of their social roles and positions and did not create a class category within the frame of legal sanctions and social rules. The difference was shaped in having capability with the definition of law, but not any differences that would evoke the differentiation of these positions in daily life applications was observed. In this study, to what extent the slaves were valued by owners of slaves in Trabzon of Ottoman Empire within the dilemma of property-human and therefore the position of slaves in social perception were analyzed, and It was read over the data obtained from Court Records of Trabzon of XVII century that the factors determining the attitudes of family and social environment they were involved in towards slaves were determined either according to the principles specified by Islamic law or within the direction of rules formed beyond these principles.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarihi geçmişi antikçağlara dayanan Trabzon 1461’ de Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilmeden önce pek çok topluma ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Uzun bir süre Trabzon İmparatorluğu’nun hâkimiyeti altında kalan kent, kesintisiz bir insan nüfusu barındırmış, Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in kenti nihai olarak fethetmesiyle ve zaman içerisinde nüfusun büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan Hristiyan kesimin bölgede azınlığa düşmesiyle önemli bir Müslüman kenti haline gelmiştir. Şehrin nüfusunu oluşturan insanlar arasında yer alan köleler, toplumsal konum ve rolleri gereği nüfusun farklı bir kesimini oluşturmamış, hukuki müeyyideler ve toplumsal kurallar çerçevesinde sınıfsal bir kategori yaratmamışlardır. Farklılık hukukun tanımı ile ehliyete sahip olma derecelerinde şekillenmiş ancak gündelik hayatın uygulamaları içerisinde bu konumun ayrımını hissettirecek önemli farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Trabzon’unda köle sahibi olan insanların mülk-insan ikilemi arasında köleye ne açıdan değer biçtiği dolayısıyla kölelerin toplumsal algının neresinde yer aldıkları incelenmiş, mensup oldukları aile ve sosyal çevrenin köleye karşı tavrını belirleyen etkenlerin İslam hukukunun belirlediği prensipler dâhilinde mi yoksa bu prensiplerin ötesinde oluşturulan yargılar çerçevesinde mi şekillendiği XVII. yüzyıl Trabzon Şer’iyye sicillerinden elde edilen veriler üzerinden okunmuştur.
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