Activation of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) by Herbal Medicines
Journal Title: The AAPS Journal - Year 2009, Vol 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are transcription factors that control the expression of a broad array of genes involved not only in transcellular transport and biotransformation of many drugs, other xenochemicals, and endogenous substances, such as bile acid, bilirubin, and certain vitamins, but also in various physiological/pathophysiological processes such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Ligands of PXR and CAR are chemicals of diverse structures, including naturally occurring compounds present in herbal medicines. The overall aim of this article is to provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of herbal medicines as modulators of PXR and CAR.
Authors and Affiliations
Thomas K. H. Chang
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP681499
- DOI 10.1208/s12248-009-9135-y
- Views 56
- Downloads 0
Pre-Existing Biotherapeutic-Reactive Antibodies: Survey Results Within the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
The immunogenicity profile of a biotherapeutic is determined by a multitude of product and patient-related risk factors that can influence the observed incidence and clinical consequences of immunogenicity. Pre-existing...
A Markov Chain Model to Evaluate the Effect of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Polymorphisms on Adverse Events Associated with Tacrolimus in Pediatric Renal Transplantation
The SNP A6986G of the CYP3A5 gene (*3) results in a non-functional protein due to a splicing defect whereas the C3435T was associated with variable expression of the ABCB1 gene, due to protein instability. Part of the la...
Quality by Design: Concepts for ANDAs
Quality by design is an essential part of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality. There is much confusion among pharmaceutical scientists in generic drug industry about the appropriate element and terminology of q...
Recent Advances in Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption as a CNS Delivery Strategy
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex functional barrier composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic endfeets and neuronal cells. This highly organized complex express a selective permeability for m...
Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate modulates multidrug resistance and enhances antitumor activity of vinblastine sulfate
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles limiting the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Identification of new and effective MDR reversal agents is needed. In this study, the effects of polyoxyethylene 40 s...