AETIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 21
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a group of neoplastic disorders characterised by the proliferation and accumulation of immature haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is the most common type of leukaemia among adults. The underlying pathophysiology in AML consists of a maturational arrest of bone marrow cells in the early stages of development. Aims and Objectives- To look for the possible aetiological factors in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and to study the clinical profile and to determine any prognostic factors with the help of clinical parameters and basic investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients above 12 years of age with acute myeloid leukaemia admitted in haematology unit of Department of Medicine between July 2009 and June 2013 were included in the study. The diagnosis of AML with subtypes was established based on clinical features, peripheral smear and bone marrow findings. RESULTS There were 100 patients (47 males, 53 females). Amongst aetiological factors, cigarette smoking was most commonly seen. Easy fatigability was the commonest presenting symptom, followed by fever, anorexia, weight loss and bleeding. The most common clinical finding was pallor followed by wet purpura, generalised lymphadenopathy and gum hypertrophy. The mean haemoglobin value was 7.35 gm% and platelet count was 56,740 cells/ mm3. WBC count varied between 600 cells/mm3 and 2,61,000 cells/mm3. Among the subtypes of AML, most common leukaemia was AML M2 followed by AML M3. CONCLUSION Easy fatigability and malaise were the most common presentations in AML. Environmental factors like anti-cancer drug exposure, chemical exposure, smoking, proximity to mobile towers, high tension electric lines and dietary factors like poor intake of vegetables and fruits may have an influence on aetiopathogenesis of AML. Very high WBC count, bleeding manifestations and platelet count at presentation < 20,000/mm3 all had a poor outcome. AML M2 was the most common subtype followed by AML M4, the prognosis was best in AML M2 and M3.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohamed Shaan, Anza Khader
Keywords
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- EP ID EP431629
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2018/578
- Views 77
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