Ammonia, dust and bacteria in welfare-oriented systems for laying hens.
Journal Title: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine - Year 2009, Vol 16, Issue 1
Abstract
The use of litter and manure in welfare-oriented systems for laying hens may negatively affect the air quality and the work environment. The objective of the current case study was to compare concentrations of ammonia, dust and bacteria in 3 such systems: 1) a floor housing system, 2) a multilevel system, and 3) a system with furnished cages. Data was collected from 3 houses of each type, and 1 house of each type was selected for detailed measurements for 1-2 weeks. Daily average concentrations of ammonia were 3-12 ppm in the house with furnished cages, 21-42 ppm in the multilevel system, and 66-120 ppm in the floor housing system. Total dust concentration was 2.0- 2.5 mg x m(-3) in the house with furnished cages, 0.71-2.4 mg x m(-3) in the multilevel system, and 6.8-18 mg x m(-3) in the floor housing system. The number of bacteria cells per m3 was .1-2.2 x 10(7) in the house with furnished cages, 2.2-3.4 x 10(7) in the multilevel system, and 8.0-9.6 x 10(7) in the floor housing system. In the system with furnished cages, concentrations of ammonia and dust were of the same magnitude or below concentrations found to reduce pulmonary function in poultry workers in other studies. Concentrations of ammonia in the multilevel system and concentrations of both ammonia and dust in the floor housing system were above these levels.
Authors and Affiliations
Sven Nimmermark, Vonne Lund, Gösta Gustafsson, Wijnand Eduard
Mouthwash and Oral Cancer Risk Quantitative Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies
Background: Use of mouthwash and an increased risk of oral cancer has been a source of controversy for decades. A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of mouthwash and oral cancer and, specifically, mouthwash contain...
Quality of life and occurrence of depression under chemotherapy in patients suffering from lung carcinoma
[b]introduction and objective[/b]. In Poland, lung carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in men and the third most frequent in women. The neoplastic disease causes enormous psychic stress and may lead to depr...
Fungi on wheat bran and their toxinogenity.
To survey the overall fungal contamination and toxicological potential of isolated fungi, a mycological investigation of 56 samples of wheat bran was carried out during March-June 2004 in Slovakia. Despite of low values...
Wpływ cyklu nosowego na odpowiedź obrzękową podczas donosowej próby prowokacyjnej z alergenem
Podczas obustronnej donosowej próby prowokacyjnej dochodzi najczęściej do asymetrycznego obrzęku jam nosowych. Przypuszcza się, że zjawisko to może być związane z fazą cyklu nosowego, w której wykonano próbę. Celem prac...
Geostatistics – a tool applied to the distribution of Legionella pneumophila in a hospital water system
[b]Introduction.[/b] Legionnaires’ disease is normally acquired by inhalation of legionellae from a contaminated environmental source. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, are often contaminated with legi...