Abstract

Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute the most frequently encountered congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. Neural tube defects result from the defective closure of the neural tube during embryogenesis. Most defects of the brain and spinal cord result from abnormal closure of the neural folds in the third and fifth weeks of development. Anencephaly and Spina bifida are two most common types of neural tube defects. Anencephaly also known as exencephaly results due to failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Spina bifida results from defective neural tube closure along some or the entire length of the vertebral column. Antenatal diagnosis of the condition can be made by ultrasonography in later part of pregnancy, since the vault of the skull is absent and estimation of á fetoprotein level of the amniotic fluid. It is advisable to terminate the pregnancy when anomalous condition is diagnosed. Better knowledge of unexpected foetal loss is the promise for better parental counselling and for prevention of recurrences. .To prevents NTD, dietary supplements should be provided to low socioeconomic pregnant females. Periconceptional and 1st trimester folic acid supplementation is of prime importance.

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