Analysis On Hydraulic Performance of Kaplan Turbine Based on Elbow Draft Tube Geometry
Journal Title: International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET) - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 6
Abstract
This article focuses on the analysis on hydraulic performance of Kaplan Turbine based on Elbow draft tube geometry. A draft tube is a closed passage of gradually increasing cross sectional area which connects the runner exit to the tail race. It may be made of cast iron, steel or concrete. It must be air tight and under all condition of operations its lower end must be submerged below the level of water in the tail race. The draft tube recovers part of K.E. coming out of runner into useful pressure energy and thus improves the performance of turbine. The provision of draft tube at runner outlet decrease the pressure and lead to problem of cavitation which can be minimized by proper setting of runner above tail race. The performance of draft tube significantly affects the efficiency of a reaction turbine. For low heads and high flow rates, the draft tube losses are considerably very large (up to 50%). Therefore, the diffuser becomes the main part in the shape of draft tube. Also, it allows to install the turbine below the tail race without losing the head, and to direct the flow into the tail race. In addition, the draft tube is one of the most difficult parts to discuss on the behalf of flow parameters; this is because of the influence of many complex flow perspectives such as turbulence, unsteadiness, flow separation, swirl, curvature streamline and vortex breakdown. The effects from the above mentioned are very less and also they are improved by various design considerations. In the work presented here, the effect of change in geometry of the draft tube to the hydraulic efficiency of Kaplan turbine is evidently. For different guide vane openings and mass flow rates, in each case turbine with the circular draft tube gives the maximum efficiency while the turbine with the square draft tube having dividing pier gives the minimum efficiency.
Authors and Affiliations
Lekha Mourya, Rahul Mishra, Swapnil Jain
Keywords
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