Andrographolide inhibits chikungunya virus infection by up-regulating host innate immune pathways
Journal Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - Year 2018, Vol 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolide, a plant derived compound, against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Methods: Using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay, in vitro viral protein expression was studied in THP-1 cells line. In Balb/c mouse neonates, viral RNA copy number was determined by real time PCR. Results: The results showed reduced CHIKV protein expression on andrographolide treatment in CHIKV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vero cells and THP-1 cell line. In vivo, andrographolide treatment to CHIKV-infected neonates reduced viral RNA copy number. Further, andrographolide also increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Andrographolide also activated host innate immune pathways, viz., protein kinase R, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, retinoic acid inducible gene-I and interferon regulatory factor 3/7, thereby increasing IFN-α secretion. CHIKV-induced nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells and tumor necrosis factor-α was also reduced on andrographolide treatment. Conclusion: Andrographolide inhibits CHIKV by suppressing viral protein expression and up-regulating host innate immunity and hence could be an effective therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection.
Authors and Affiliations
Kamla Prasad Mishra
Keywords
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