Antibiotic Resistance: An Update
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the major threats to the community, especially in developing countries. In the past few decades, there have been several reports suggestive of irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics in the healthcare sector. As a result of which, there was a considerable increase in development of resistance among the infective microbes. The spread of resistance among the microbes was mainly through food, animal products, ecology and most importantly, through the healthcare professionals who deal with the antibiotics. Microorganisms have adapted several defense mechanisms in the recent past to combat antibiotics for their survival and existence, some of which have been highlighted in this review. Several strategies and policies have been formed by regulatory authorities all over the world to overcome antibiotic resistance. In India, in the year 2011, "National policy for containment of antimicrobial resistance" was implemented by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare to establish a standard antibiotic policy. One of the recent strategies is the development of Antibiotic Stewardship program (ASP) which has gained its prospects by significantly reducing the development of resistance in many centers after its implementation. In India, ICMR is actively playing its role in the implementation of ASPs in many tertiary care centers across the country. Despite all these measures antibiotic resistance continues to be the major hindering factor in the delivery of standard healthcare to the community. This review will discuss the various mechanisms of resistance adopted by microbes, the rapid development of resistance to newer drugs, measures to overcome it and various health policies to tackle the antibiotic resistance. A team of experts, including Clinical Pharmacologists, Clinical Microbiologists and Infectious disease Physicians with the collective support of Government and Pharmaceutical industries through their constant efforts may greatly help in preventing the antimicrobial resistance in the future. However, there should be stringent regulations to prevent the inadvertent use of antibiotics for saving the community from the further emergence of resistance to antibiotics.
Authors and Affiliations
Anusha Natarajan
Keywords
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