Antibodies Against Melanoma Antigens – Clinical and Therapeutical Markers
Journal Title: Journal of Dermatology Research - Year 2025, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
Melanoma-Associated Antigens (MAA) are correlated with tumor development, progression and metastatic dissemination. MAA can be targeted in immunotherapy by specific antibodies or by cytotoxic T-cells. MAA are actually self-antigens and, thus, are weak immunogens because they induce various degrees of immune tolerance. Four families of MAA are involved in clinical monitoring and therapy efficacy, such as: melanocyte lineage/differentiation antigens, oncofetal/cancer-testis antigens, GAGE antigens and the extended family of cell-adhesion receptors. Antibodies against MAA are important players in the immune response generated in melanoma patients. These antibodies are found increased in melanoma patients and are proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring, especially in the immune therapy domain. The anti-tumoral function of antibodies is determined by its isotype and subclass, hence IgG4 has an immune-suppressive action and its level is correlated with a poor prognosis in melanoma while IgG2 has anti-tumoral properties. There are still debates regarding the role of auto-antibodies in immune therapy, if their presence is a sign of therapy toxicity or a sign therapy efficacy. New therapies, like CAR T-cells, relying on melanoma antigens are described. In immune-therapy, autoantibodies associating severe immune related adverse effects were identified in melanoma patients, but their presence was connected with a good treatment response. In the immune-therapy domain, T-lymphocytes are the main focus, but another importanT-cell, slightly neglected in melanoma, B-cell and its antitumor functions can be important in developing the next generation of immuno-oncology therapies. Evaluating B-cells as both generators of antibodies and antigen presenting cells can widen the immune-based therapies in melanoma.
Authors and Affiliations
Monica Neagu1,2,3*, Carolina Constantin1,2, Elena-Georgiana Dobre1, Sabina Andrada Zurac 2,4
Keywords
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- EP ID EP758357
- DOI https://doi.org/10.46889/JDR.2025.6105
- Views 24
- Downloads 0
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