Antimicrobial Resistance among Acinetobacter species and Evaluation of Risk Factors
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2015, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter has gained importance as an emerging multi drug resistant nosocomial pathogen among non fermenting aerobic gram negative bacteria, especially in intensive care units. This organism is contributing to increased morbidity and mortality with strong propensity to colonize and disseminate among humans and environmental sources. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from February 2013 to December 2013. Various clinical specimens received in microbiology laboratory from inpatients and outpatients were studied including their antimicrobial resistance pattern. A total of 111 Acinetobacter species isolates were included in the study. Associated risk factors were recorded from the clinical data which included demographic characteristics of the patient along with the indoor department, period of stay in ICU and hospital, presence of indwelling devices, antimicrobial therapy, surgical interventions, focal or generalized infections and underlying chronic morbid diseases. Results: In current study maximum number of Acinetobacter was from urine specimen (57.66%) followed by blood (25.23%). Among inpatients highest percentage of isolates was recovered from general surgical ward (26.88%) followed by intensive care units (24.73%). The number of MDR & XDR isolates recovered was 21(18.92%) & 11(10%) respectively. Imipenem, Meropenem and Doxycycline remained efficacious drugs against Acinetobacter infections with resistance rates of 18.02%, 30.63% and 36.94% respectively. The study revealed focal/generalized infections, indwelling devices, duration of stay in ICU & hospital, mechanical ventilation as significant risk factors in decreasing order for acquisition of MDR and XDR Acinetobacter but according to the statistical analysis only Diabetes mellitus was found to be significant (p value 0.019) whereas all other factors remained insignificant ( p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Prolonged usage of indwelling devices & medical equipments in critically ill patients along with longer duration of hospitalization can facilitate colonization and infection with Acinetobacter which is otherwise a low virulence pathogen. Strict compliance of disinfection policy and infection control programme with rational use of antibiotics especially carbapenems in Acinetobacter infections shall help in curtailing drug resistant strains from further dissemination.
Authors and Affiliations
Raminder Sandhu, Kanwardeep Singh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP347594
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/14427
- Views 77
- Downloads 0
Reproductive Hormonal Profile of Post-menopausal Women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Background: Assessment of the concentrations of reproductive hormones during post-menopause has been suggested as a confirmatory test for menopause due to irregularities in rise and fall of sex hormones in menopausal tra...
Ultrasonography as a Breast Imaging Modality: A Review
Introduction: Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) serves as the most prominent adjunct imaging modality to mammography. Ultrasound (US) is cheap, non-invasive and widely available in healthcare centres i...
Changes in Central Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cell Count after Lasik
Purpose: To compare the pre and postoperative endothelial cell counts and central corneal thickness in patients undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the treatment of myopia. Study Design: Prospective study...
The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes, Enamel Hypoplasia and DMFT in Children: A Clinical Study in Southern Iran
Background: Odontogenesis begins from the sixth week of fetal life; meanwhile, the subsequent evolution is very complex and takes a long time. As a part of odontogenesis, amelogenesis can be altered by local and systemic...
A Controlled Trial of Oral Rifampin in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Group A Streptococcal infection in the throat is responsible for causing initial and recurrent attacks of acute guttate psoriasis (AGP). Up to 70% of these AGP patients go on to develop chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP). We...