Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Metformin Microsphere Formulation using Tangerine (Citrus tangerina) Pectin as Copolymer
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Aims: To prepare metformin microspheres by ionic gelation using novel pectin from the peel of tangerine, Citrus tangerina (Rutaceae), as a copolymer with sodium alginate. Study Design: Central composite design and response surface methodology. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, between September 2015 and February 2016. Methodology: Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the interactive effects of three variables: Percent of pectin in polymer blend, X1, (50 to 75% w/w), curing time, X2, (10 to 30 min) and concentration of chelating agent (calcium chloride), X3, (5 to 10% w/v) on entrapment and dissolution time (t90). Results: Entrapment efficiency was 59.10 to 94.90% and t90 was 6.52 to 10.50 h. X1 and X3 had significant effects on entrapment and t90 (p < 0.0001). The interactions between X2 and X3 was significant at p = 0.033 for entrapment. The correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9557 and R2(Adj) = 0.9158 for entrapment; R2 = 0.9677 and R2 (Adj) = 0.9387 for t90) showed that the regression model represented the experimental data well. The optimization of the analyzed responses demonstrated that peak conditions for obtaining desired maximum responses, entrapment (102.66%) and t90 (12.27 h), were 82.91% w/w pectin; 36.33 min curing time and 7.50% w/w of calcium chloride. Conclusion: Tangerine pectin could serve as a cheaper alternative polymer for the formulation of microspheres.
Authors and Affiliations
Adenike Okunlola, Olawunmi Lateefat Akindele
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342494
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/25095
- Views 93
- Downloads 0
Use of Antimicrobial Medicines among University Students in Sierra Leone
Aims: Misuse of antimicrobial medicines is a major contributory factor to development of resistant strains of micro-organisms, therapeutic failure and increased healthcare costs in many countries. To identify pattern of...
Strong Protein Glycation Inhibitory Potential of Clove and Coriander
Aims: Protein glycation mediates almost all chronic diabetic complications associated with hyperglycaemia. In view of searching for safe antiglycating agents from nature, the protein glycation inhibitory potential of thr...
Drying Kinetics of Gum Karaya (Sterculia urens) Using Convective Air Dryer
The present study was aimed to investigate the drying kinetics of gum karaya (S. urens). Three grades of gum (I, II, III) were dried using a cabinet-type convective dryer. Particle size equivalent to US Sieve size-6 and...
In silico Identification of Novel Potential BACE-1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment: Molecular Docking, Pharmacophore Modeling and Activity and Synthetic Accessibility Predictions
Aims: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease accompanied by loss of memory and cognition. With its causes still unknown, one of the main hypotheses related to its pathogenesis is the amyloida...
Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among School Children in Johor, Malaysia
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, knowledge of HPV vaccination as well as acceptance of the HPV vaccination among female secondary school students in Kot...