Applications and Manipulation Method of Microbeads in Biological Field
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
n the fields of cell biology, such as biomolecular chemistry and genomics, microbeads play an important role as a powerful analysis tool. To realize above applications, manipulation of size selection of microbeads is required. Therefore, in this paper we summarized newest manipulation methods for size selection of microbeads and their applications. We believe our paper offers specific reference for those researchers intend to use microbeads in biological field. Currently, due to their availability in different aspects [1-4] microbeads are widely used for a variety of different laboratory procedures and protocols. Microbeads technology has great effect on biological assay in molecular and genomic researches [5,6], for example, bar-coded (encoded) microbeads have been used in bead- based arrays [7]. Also, microbeads are cost saving and have excellent mechanical and thermal stability. Microbeads can be coated with an assay specific reagent, thereby facilitating high-throughput affinity- based capturing and detection of target biological molecules from a small sample volume [8-10]. In addition, microbeads offer advantages when used to perform chemical tests in microfluidic chips: they could be introduced into the device at any time, can be easily functionalized off-chip with specific receptors for analytes, can have a very large surface area, enable absorption, reaction, and electrochemical assay formats, and can be packed for washing and signal reading steps [11]. Improved methods of tagging and handling microbeads have also allowed commercial products such as Luminex bead array technology to be used in applications of diagnostics and drug discovery [12]. Microbeads can also provide a suitable three-dimensional environment for cell growth and differentiation [13]. Therefore, separation and manipulation of microbeads has great importance in medical diagnostics, immunology, chemical and biological analyses. For example, microbead sorting and patterning technology would allow direct identification and mapping of analyte binding to size specific microbeads which are encoded with different target reagents [7,14,15]. Moreover, microbeads with an added physical dimension such as bead sizes, can be utilized for detecting cytokines and simultaneously measuring multiple analytes for immunoassay [16]. Hence, this paper briefly reviews recent advanced methods of manipulating and handling microbeads and their applications. Methods of Microbeads Manipulation and its Application Microfiltration: In general, microfiltration is recognized as one of the most widely used techniques in the separation of microbeads, as it depends on the size of microbeads. The basic method of microfiltration is to use the conventional membrane-based microfilter. By employing membranes with different pore sizes, multicomponent particle filtration can be achieved. With suitable pore size, this method can theoretically separate microbeads of any size. To increase the capture efficiency of smaller cells or particles, Sun et al. [17] developed a strategy employing modified microbeads to specifically bind onto target cells, which enlarged the size of target cells. Lin et al. [18] focused on the size amplification of cells by tagging them with 3μm microbeads. In addition, Wong et al. [19] designed a 3D micro-traps array to filter out smaller diameter beads while retaining larger ones, which would be useful in applications like bead microarray assays.
Authors and Affiliations
Yapeng Yuan, Yaxiaer Yalikun, Yo Tanaka
Keywords
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- EP ID EP588496
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.09.001742
- Views 162
- Downloads 0
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