Are Subsequences of Decimal Digits of PI Random?
Journal Title: Annals. Computer Science Series - Year 2009, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
A lot has been done on the randomness of the decimal expansion of Pi with extensive tests of randomness that are used to distinguish good from not-so-good random number generators when applied to the decimal digits of Pi. Pi seems to pass these tests as well as some of the best random number generator (RNG) and could well serve as an RNG provided that the digits of Pi could be easily and quickly produced in the computer [Mar06]. We make an interesting study in the same context in which random substring of arbitrary length are extracted from arbitrary positions a large number of times and each sample is tested for randomness. Our results confirm the randomness of Pi and a recent claim that “Pi is less random than we thought” [TF05] stands refuted. George Marsaglia [Mar06] has also independently refuted the claim but in Marsaglia’s work, the randomness is established on the whole for the first 960 million digits of pi. Our study confirms the randomness for arbitrary subsequences also. Finally, the investigation of some functions of pi-rather than pi itself-is proposed.
Authors and Affiliations
Suman Sourabh, Soubhik Chakraborty, Basant Das
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP129170
- DOI -
- Views 89
- Downloads 0
Steady Flow of a Reactive MHD Fluid through a Permeable Pipe under Optically Thick Limit Radiation
his research work investigates the analytical solution of the temperature profile distribution of a one-dimensional fluid under the influence of magnetic fluid strength of a reactive hydromagnetic fluid flow through poro...
An Exploratory Study of Critical Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Sorting Techniques (Shell, Heap and Treap)
The efficiency of sorting techniques has a significant impact on the overall efficiency of a program. The efficiency of Shell, Heap and Treap sorting techniques in terms of both running time and memory usage was studied,...
Parameterized Complexity on a New Sorting Algorithm: A Study in Simulation<br />
Sundararajan and Chakraborty (2007) introduced a new sorting algorithm by modifying the fast and popular Quick sort and removing the interchanges. In a subsequent empirical study, Sourabh, Sundararajan and Chakraborty (2...
On the proficient use of GEV distribution: a case study of subtropical monsoon region in India
The paper deals with the probabilistic estimates of extreme maximum rainfall (Annual basis) in the Ranchi, Jharkhand (India). Extreme Value Distribution family models are tried to capture the uncertainty of data and fina...
Spatial Patterns and Socio-Demographic Determinants of the Decision Maker on Large Household Purchases in Nigeria: A Bayesian Semi-parametric Geo-Additive Model
The member of family who makes final decision on household purchases is a phenomenon that may pose a psychological problem for a potential father and mother in Nigerian households. This paper examines the possible relati...