Arsenate substitution in synthetic hydroxylapatite – structural characterization of the Ca5(PO4)x(AsO4)3-xOH solid solution
Journal Title: Geology, Geophysics & Environment - Year 2015, Vol 41, Issue 1
Abstract
Occurences of dissolved As in surface and ground waters and observed adverse health effects have emphasized the need for better understanding of reactions that govern As mobility. Precipitation of Ca apatites is quite often used for immobilization of toxic forms P and As in the environment. Hydroxylapatite – Ca5(PO4)3OH (HAP) and johnbaumite – Ca5(AsO4)3OH (AsHAP) are isostructural apatite minerals naturally occurring in the oxidation zones.The main objective of this research is identification of systematic relation between structural and spectral properties and As content in the Ca5(PO4)3OH, Ca5(PO4)2(AsO4)OH, Ca5(PO4)1,5(AsO4)1,5OH, Ca5(PO4)(AsO4)2OH, Ca5(AsO4)3OH. Recent studies of this isomorphic series provide inconsistent results (Lee et al. 2009, Zhu et al. 2009) indicating controversies and the need for further studies. Awet method of synthesis from aqueous solutions was used to precipitate precisely defined phases from the series: HAP, AsHAP and three intermediate compositions. For the synthesis of pure HAP solution of Na2HPO4 was mixeddrop wise using a syringe pump with aCa(NO3)2 solution.The pH was set at 11 with 1M NH4OH. Precipitated powders were washed five times in redistilled water and air dried. The other phases were precipitated in the presence of KH2AsO4 at various proportions. Johnbaumite was synthesized at 75°C. Ca5(PO4)3OH, Ca5(PO4)2(AsO4)OH, Ca5(PO4)1,5(AsO4)1,5OH, Ca5(PO4)(AsO4)2OH, Ca5(AsO4)3OH synthesized phases were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. SEM-EDS analysis confirms that the products of the synthesis are homogeneous. The crystals size varies between 0.1–1.0 μm and increases with the increase of Ascontent. Semi-quantitative elemental analysis by EDS indicates that Ca, O, P and Asare the only elements detected and that the molar proportions correspond to theoretical composition of HAP, Ca5(PO4)2(AsO4)OH, Ca5(PO4)1,5(AsO4)1,5OH, Ca5(PO4)(AsO4)2OH and finally AsHAP. Systematic shift of peaks is apparent on the diffraction patterns. Hexagonal system and P63/m group of symmetry were used for unite cell parameters calculation. The results show systematic increase in the unit cell parameters with substitution of As for P in the series: parameter a from 9.41 to 9.43 and parameter c from 6.85 to 6.87. Crystal volumes also increase with increasing amount of As in synthesized phases. Calculated values are within the error similar to these reported by Zhu et al. (2009). In contrary to their results, a linear increase of unit cell parameters w it h As content is observed. This is in accordance with Lee et al. (2009). The intensity and the position of PO4 and AsO4 absorption bands varies systematically in the FTIR spectra being shifted towards higher wavenumber with increasing As content. The bands originating from CaO and OH (3400 cm–1) are practically not affected in all five spectra. The Raman spectra have shown systematic variation in stretching and bending vibrations in the series. Observed shifts in positions of Raman effects correlate linearly with As increase. This can be explained by the fact that atomic mass of As is higher than of P and that As-O bonds are longer than P-O bonds. Bands originating from P-O vibration modes shift in less regular manner. In the range of 610–550 cm−1 we observe shift of bands originating from CaO bond. The results correlate well with and expand upon the observations by Lee et al. (2009).Taken together, in this research we have explored possibility of HAP-AsHAP isomorphic series synthesis and we found it structural properties. Obtained results suggest that further insights may be obtained from more research on these minerals. It may find potential applications inremoval of toxic arsenic from the environment and this is a goal of future research.
Authors and Affiliations
P. Chlebowska, M. Manecki, B. Puzio
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP199163
- DOI 10.7494/geol.2015.41.1.66
- Views 56
- Downloads 0
Numerical model schematization of a complex hydrostructural Cretaceous groundwater basin for the purpose of protection zone evaluation
One of the major projects in regional hydrogeological investigations in Poland is a multi-annual cycle of studies on the implementation of programs and documentation in relation to the establishment of protection areas f...
Pickeringite from the Pieprzowe Mts. (the Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland)
The Pieprzowe Mts., which constitute the eastern part of the Holy Cross Mts. (Central Poland), are considered a large complex of mid-Cambrian strata (Alexandrowicz 1972). In a 2-km long exposure of the Pieprzowe Mts succ...
Differences in shell size of the bivalve Varicorbula between marginal parts of the Vienna and Danube basins
Middle Miocene marine sediments in the Vienna and Danube Basins provide opportunities for analysis of spatial and temporal variations in the composition of molluscan communities and variations in species abundance and si...
Terrestrial Laser Scanning 3D as a useful method for monitoring urban areas endangered by landslides
Landslides are a serious problem in Poland in recent years. Starting from catastrophic landslide events in 1990s systematically is increased risk of landslides hazard on urbanized areas. However, many of Polish landslide...
Examples of applications of geothermal waters for recreation, heating and bottling in selected regions of Hungary
Due to the favourable geothermal conditions in Hungary, where the geothermal gradient is about 1.5 times greater than the world average, the country has numerous centers, which use geothermal waters directly for heating,...