АСОЦІАЦІЇ ЯК РУШІЙНА СИЛА ЗМІНИ ЗНАЧЕННЯ СЛІВ
Journal Title: Вісник Маріупольського державного університету. Серія: Філологія - Year 2018, Vol 11, Issue 18
Abstract
Стаття присвячена пошуку й класифікації різних видів асоціацій, які пов’язують носії німецької та української мов з міжмовними омонімами, та поясненню причин змін значення міжмовних омонімів у кожній окремій мові в руслі психолінгвістичних робіт. The article deals with the search and classifications of different kinds of associations which native speakers of German and Ukrainian connect with interlanguage homonyms and explanation of meaning change reasons of homonyms in each separate language in the field of psycholinguistic works. Word associations arise in the human’s mind when reading or saying a word, or just thinking about the word. In a sense, they can be called natural classifiers of the conceptual content of the vocabulary of the language. Ideas and concepts, which are available to the memory of a man are related. This relationship is based on the past experience of a man and, in the final analysis, more or less accurately reproduces objectively existing relationship between the phenomena of the real world. Under certain conditions, a revival of one idea or concept is accompanied by a revival of others ideas correlated with it. This ISSN 2415-3168 (Online), ISSN 2226-3055 (Print) ВІСНИК МАРІУПОЛЬСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ СЕРІЯ: ФІЛОЛОГІЯ, 2018, ВИП. 18 215 phenomenon is called the association (a term proposed in the XVIII century by Locke). Since Aristotle people distinguish association by similarity, contrast and contiguity. Since the associations reflect some significant relations between objects and phenomena of the real world, and thus between the concepts, it is reasonable to conclude that they play an important role in the structure of the lexical system of the language. Moreover associations are one of the basic mechanisms of semantic changes. Associative experiment is a technique aimed at identifying associations existing in an individual based on his previous experience. To analyze associations it is necessary to know and understand connections between words, therefore, explore the sphere of human consciousness and cognitive perception. The article looks into the history of associations studies, analyzing the main achievements and key points in the research of links between words and images, connections and relations between semantic field and groups. Also attention is paid to external and internal associative links and their analysis based on 64 pairs of interlanguage homonyms in German and Ukrainian. Ukrainian-speaking informants bring as rule 35 different associations to a certain word, a German-speaking only 27. In 90 % of cases the resposed word refers to the same part of speech as the stimulus word, which indicates the predominance of paradigmatic reactions over syntagmatic associations. In many cases the informants associated with a stimulus the semantically opposite of the word. From the point of view of identifying semantic features (parameters) we offer many classification of the associations such as contrast, similarity, subordination, generalization, assonance, part – whole, addition, self-centeredness, cognates and predication. By associations it is important to consider not the stimulus word and the reaction word, but the only intermediate associative link between them, which is a driving force of the word meaning changes. We distinguish five types of intermediate associative links: nomination, predication, location, value and proposition. The association analysis of 64 stimuli showed that most of the semantic changes due to reactions related to the proposals, evaluations and predicates quality.
Authors and Affiliations
Svitlana Kiyko
Keywords
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