Assessment of the factors and treatment outcomes of rickets among under five children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, pediatric attendants.
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 10
Abstract
Background - The increased metabolic demands together with dark skin pigmentation, low vitamin-D intake, and lack of sunlight exposure may predispose children to rickets. Lack of adequate information for the predisposing factors and treatment response appears to have negatively influenced the impact of prevention and treatment programs. Precise diagnosis, a sound understanding of the therapeutic options, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for successful management and prevention of this metabolic problem. Methods: A facility based prospective descriptive study was conducted to assess the risk factors of rickets and their responses to treatment,numbers of children presenting with clinical, biochemical and radiological features of Rickets were screened. The diagnosis of rickets was made based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and biochemical criteria, and followed for the responses to treatment. Children with rickets were treated by a single large intramuscular dose of vitamin D (600 000 IU) along with oral calcium and vitamin D containing supplements as well as advice on diet and sunlight exposure. Results: In this prospective descriptive study, there were a total of 104 casesamong which 48 (46.2%) were males and the rest 56 (53.8% were females) with mean age of 13.02+10.2 months. The most commonly affected age groups accounting 31.7% of all Rickets cases is between 12-18months and great majority of the cases( 75%) are from Rural areas and as family size increases, the risk of Rickets increases. Almost all (97.1%) of the children were given megadose of vitamin D, Most of the cases (77%) showed radiological improvement at 6months after treatment. Conclusion: In this prospective descriptive study, 73% of children were exposed to sunlight for less than 10minutes with 76% of them were completely covered or dressed having ointments on their body, strikingly indicating that lack of exposure to sunshine due to traditional beliefs is the main cause of nutritional Rickets alerting that health education should be implemented at large in the community. The most common signs found were Rachitic rosary (83.7%), other skeletal deformities (71.2), and most associated complications being pneumonia (14.4%), Ricketic dwarfisms and pathological fractures(16.1%) and 93 children have osteopenia.
Authors and Affiliations
Abebe Habtamu
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