Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from Choba and Aluu Axis of New-Calabar River, Rivers State Nigeria
Journal Title: Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology - Year 2015, Vol 5, Issue 6
Abstract
This study investigated trace metal contamination in the muscle of two fish species: Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from the Choba axis (Downstream) and Aluu axis (Upstream) of New Calabar River in Rivers State. The fish species were dried, ashed and analysed for trace metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Model Unican Solar 969. The results obtained showed that Pb values ranged from 0.097 to 0.655 mg/kg with the highest obtained in Oreochromis niloticus at the Choba axis. There was no significant difference in the Pb values between the two fish species. Copper ranged 17.7-58.2 mg/kg, highest value obtained in Clarias gariepinus at the Aluu axis. Zinc values ranged from 28.5 to 52.1mg/kg. At Aluu, Cd was not detected in the two fish species, values obtained at Choba were 0.17mg/kg for Clarias gariepinus and 1.39mg/kg for Oreochromis niloticus. Zinc and Cu levels in the two fish species at the upstream end exceeded the FAO permissible limits. Also Pb and Cd values in Oreochromis niloticus, at the Choba end exceeded FAO permissible limit. The mean trace metal concentration of the water samples ranged from Zn: 1.145±0.01mg/l-2.58± 0.1mg/l, Cu:0.55±0.02mg/l-1.2±0.04mg/L, Pb: 0.018± 0.01mg/l and Cd: 0.034mg/l. Pb and Cd were not detected at Choba axis. The risk assessment for daily intake of consumers of fish from the river indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk tends to become significant with exposure duration of 30 years mainly for Cd, Zn and Cu exposure since the indices exceeded the acceptable limits of non-cancer hazard quotient.
Authors and Affiliations
C. O Nwoko and I. Egonwa
Keywords
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