Association between smoking and hearing status: a comparative study between smokers and non – smokers
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Research and Review - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 6
Abstract
Background: Smoking, age, gender, socioeconomic class and education may contribute to the hearing loss. In this study hearing loss between smokers (current and ex) and non smokers was compared. Materials and Methods: 145 smokers [79 current (68 males, 11 females) and 66 ex smokers (60 males, 6 females)] and 145 non smokers (69 males, 76 females) were studied. Modified Kuppuswamy scale and smoking index were used. Hearing loss was assessed by Audiometry. P value of<0.05(unpaired t test and chi square test) was taken as statistically significant. Result: Statistically significant and non significant differences were found between the mean age and educational status of current -ex smokers and smokers-non smokers respectively. Statistically significant and non significant differences were found between the socioeconomic status of smokers-non smokers and current -ex smokers respectively. Difference was significant between smoking index of current and ex smokers (p=0.003). 70.05% males had hearing loss as compared to females (49.46%). About 59.24% and 26.09% hearing loss cases belonged to low education and upper and upper middle social class respectively. 68% and 24.24% of moderate and severe smoking index were of professional to graduate educational status. 36.17% and 30.30% of moderate to severe smoking index belonged to upper and upper middle socioeconomic class. 73.91% were from low social classes. 47.59% non smokers and 25.51% smokers had no hearing loss. The severity of hearing loss was more in heavy smokers. Conclusion: Hearing loss associated with smoking was found to be more in male gender, advancing age, low socioeconomic and educational classes.
Authors and Affiliations
Shah Mohammad Abbas Waseem, Ankita Kumari, Shakuntala Misra, Charu Singh, Seema Singh, Jitendra Kumar, Jaya Gupta, Rubeena Bano, Homnath Dhunagana, Parth Sarthi
Keywords
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