Behavioral alterations induced by Toxoplama gondii during different stages of infection in mice
Journal Title: Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Acute, chronic and reactivation of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections are approximately found in 30-60% of the population worldwide. T. gondii is a pathogen relevant to psychiatric disorders. We have recently found that reactivation of chronic T. gondii induced depressive-like behaviours in mice. In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the behavioural alterations in mice during acute, chronic and after reactivation of chronic T. gondii. Behavioural battery included sucrose preference and forced swim, and fear conditioning tests, and measurement of locomotor activity following T. gondii infection in mice. First, we prepared an ethogram and confirmed that specific pathogen-free-BALB/c mice exhibited sickness-like behaviours during acute infection. In addition, reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility in forced swim test (putative indicators to anhedonic and despair-like behaviours, respectively) were exhibited in the acute phase. While in chronic stage such symptoms were not exhibited at all. In turn, relapse of depressive- and some of the sickness-like symptoms noticed after reactivation of chronic T. gondii infection. Interestingly, increased freezing time in fear conditioning was displayed during acute and reactivated T. gondii but not during chronic infection. Further, despite the well-known contribution of neurotransmitters; serotonin and dopamine in major depressive disorder, low levels of these neurotransmitters were observed in the brain not only in acute but also during chronic infection. Without interpolation of these symptoms to human psychiatric disorders, collectively, our results demonstrated the crucial changes induced by acute and reactivated T. gondii in modifying the behavior of mice.
Authors and Affiliations
Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP677114
- DOI 10.21608/JAVS.2016.61815
- Views 358
- Downloads 0
Effects of Amitriptyline and Ashwagandha on the Oxidative State and Acetylcholine Esterase Enzyme Activities in Rats
Amitriptyline has a long history of effectiveness in treating depression. Due to its side effects, which include oxidative stress and anticholinergic effects, it is used less frequently. Ashwagandha is a substantial herb...
Preparation of a Combined Inactivated Vaccine against Riemerella anatipestifer and Duck Viral Hepatitis
Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) infection and duck virus hepatitis (DVH) are enormous dangers for the duck industry and its investment. So, in the current study, a combined inactivated vaccine against both of...
Ulcerative Lymphangitis in a 12 Year Old Stallion in Ibadan, Nigeria A Case Study
Ulcerative lymphangitis, a bacterial infection primarily caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an important infectious disease of horses and ruminants affecting the cutaneous lymphatic vessels. Differential dia...
Anatomical and Ultrastructural Studies on the Dromedary Camel Cecum
The main functions of the mammalian cecum include microbial digestion of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates and the absorption of significant amounts of water and electrolytes. The present study was carried out to inves...
Evaluation Of Sensory And Bacteriological Quality Of Meatball Supplemented By Spirulina Platensis
Spirulina "Superfood" is the common name of blue-green microalgae, which have a spiral cellular structure belonging to two genera Spirulina and Arthrospira which consist of (55-70% dry weight) protein, (5-6%) lipid, carb...