Biology of cotton thistle leaf miner, Pegomya terebrans (Diptera: An-thomyiidae) in Urmia region, Iran
Journal Title: Journal of Entomological Society of Iran - Year 2021, Vol 41, Issue 1
Abstract
Field and laboratory surveys were carried out to study the biology of cotton thistle leaf miner, Pegomya terebrans (Rondani) in Urmia region. The results showed that the host plant species of this fly are restricted to three species of plants belonging to tribe Cynareae (Asteraceae), including Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. and two species of cotton thistle namely Onopordum acanthium L. and O. leptolepis DC.. The species has only one generation per year and hibernates as adults. After overwintering, adults become active and mate in late March. Fertile females begin oviposition in early April. The eggs are laid either singly or in groups of up to five in irregular shape under the leaves of the host plants. Depending on the daily temperature, they hatch within 6-10 days and young larvae immediately bores into the leaf and begins consumption in tissues between the leaf surfaces. The species has three larval instars and larval developmental time is 21 to 27 days in natural conditions. The full grown third instar larvae fall to the ground and pupate in the soil at a depth of 1 to 3 cm which its period lasts 4 to 5 months. The emergence of flies begins in mid-October and continues until late-November. They remain inactive for about five months in autumn and winter and become active in early spring, again. The larvae of P. terebrans were parasitized by Biosteres spinaciae (Thomson) in the studied region. Parasitic association between B. spinaciae and P. terebrans is reported for the first time.
Authors and Affiliations
Younes Karimpour, Leila Veisi Dizaji, Jamshid Akbarian, Saied Shahand
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP705836
- DOI 10.22117/jesi.2021.353479.1408
- Views 78
- Downloads 0
Population growth modeling of rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat in field condition
The rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum is one of the most important species among wheat and barley aphids and its population trajectory in field is characterized by rapid boom. In the present study, three datasets...
Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under laboratory conditions
Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important beneficial predator in agriculture, which is easily reared in laboratory. It is widely used in augmentative biological control programs. Research on s...
Hemocyte changes of larvae of the beet moth, Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) affected by thermal stress
The hemocytes of insects are one of key components of immune system of insects against various stresses such as temperature changes. in hemolymph of Scrobipalpa ocellatella, Five types of identified hemocytes were prohem...
Biological indices of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and assessment of their virulence diversity
Biological indices such as conidial morphology, germination, and surface characteristics influence the virulence of an isolate. Therefore, the growth indices (vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, and germination), hydropho...
Population growth model of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under field conditions
The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, is the most important pest on pomegranate fruits and has several overlapping generations per year in Iran. This paper investigated the use of a mechanistic model for descr...