Biomonitoring and biomarkers of organophosphate pesticides exposure – state of the art
Journal Title: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine - Year 2011, Vol 18, Issue 2
Abstract
Human biomonitoring provides an efficient and cost-effective way to identify and quantify exposure to chemical substances, including those having deleterious effects on human organisms. Once the risk of hazardous exposure has been identified and the mechanism of toxic effects has been elucidated, an ultimate decision about how to reduce exposure can be made. A particularly high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals is associated with the use of pesticides in agriculture, especially the use of organophosphorous pesticides (OP), which are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. There is some strong evidence that chronic exposure to these compounds may have adverse effects on health. Exposure to pesticides has been associated with an increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, soft tissue sarcoma, lung sarcoma, and cancer of the pancreas, stomach, liver, bladder and gall bladder, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and reproductive outcomes. In view of these findings, the detection of populations at risk constitutes a very important topic. The biomonitoring studies on individuals exposed to pesticides have shown an elevated level of indicators of DNA damage, such as chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei (MN), and recently, single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The cytogenetic markers of DNA damage have become very popular and useful in providing an analytical data for risk assessment, such as internal exposure doses and early biological effects of both occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides. The article describes the usefulness and the limitations of these biomarkers in biomonitoring studies of populations exposed to pesticides, with regard to the main routes of uptake and different matrices, which can be used to monitor risk assessment in occupational settings. The article also summarizes the latest reports about biomarkers of susceptibility, and mentions other biomarkers widely used in biomonitoring studies, such as pesticide or its metabolites level.
Authors and Affiliations
Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak, Małgorzata Cyranka, Maciej Skrzypczak, Marcin Kruszewski
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP80392
- DOI -
- Views 141
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of prognostic parameters of E-cadherin status in breast cancer treatment
Introduction and objective. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in women. Axillary lymph node involvement, tumour size, receptor status, and level of malignancy are the most significant prognostic fact...
Study on tick-borne rickettsiae in eastern Poland: II. Serological response of the occupationally exposed populations
A group of 150 persons living in the Lublin province of eastern Poland and occupationally exposed to tick bite were examined by the immunoenzymatic ELISA test for the presence of antibodies against tick-borne Spotted Fev...
Public health hazards in Poland posed by foodstuffs contaminated with [i]E.Coli[/i] O104:H4 bacterium from the recent European out break
Shiga toxin producing [i]Escherichia coli[/i] (STEC) are the most virulent diarrhoeagenic [i]E. coli [/i]known to date. They can spread with alarming ease via the food chain, as recently demonstrated by the large outbrea...
Fungal diversity and Aspergillus species in hospital environments
[b]Introduction and objective.[/b] Nosocomial invasive fungal infections, particularly aspergillosis, are an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients. The presented study evaluates fungal diversity and the presen...
The influence of caffeine administered at 10°C on bone tissue development
[b][/b][b]Introduction and objective.[/b] Caffeine is a natural methylxanthine widespread throughout the food industry. Many research studies have shown that caffeine readily crosses the placenta causing teratogenic and...