BNIP3 as an atypical representative of the Bcl-2 protein family. Part 2: Regulation of the expression and activity of BNIP3 protein and its role in tumorigenesis
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2009, Vol 63, Issue
Abstract
BNIP3 belongs to the Bcl-2 protein family that regulates programmed cell death. It is the only known pro-apoptotic protein expressed during hypoxia and this effect is determined by the HIF-1 responsive element in the bnip3 promoter. However, there is evidence that hypoxia is not a sufficient factor to activate BNIP3; possible cell death dependent on this protein occurs as a result of secondary effects of oxygen deprivation, such as acidosis. BNIP3 expression is also regulated by other factors, such as E2F-1, NF-κB, and Rb during hypoxia and nitrogen oxide during normoxia. Posttranslational modifications also seem to be essential for BNIP3 activity, but their actual significance is still unclear. Phosphorylation of BNIP3 by PKC promotes its accumulation under hypoxic conditions, but phosphorylation by CK2 can accelerate its degradation. In turn, glycosylation and interactions with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins suppress BNIP3 activity. Our knowledge about the role of BNIP3 protein in tumor progression is incomplete. It seems to be dependent on the stage of tumor progression. Tumor cells evolved multiple mechanisms of silencing BNIP3 expression or activity and promoter methylation is one of the most frequently observed among them
Authors and Affiliations
Ewelina Swoboda, Leon Strządała
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP66372
- DOI -
- Views 162
- Downloads 0
Rola mikroflory jelitowej w patogenezie otyłości i cukrzycy
Lawinowo wzrastająca liczba ludzi otyłych i z cukrzycą typu 2, to jeden z najpoważniejszych problemów zdrowotnych współczesnego świata. Do niedawna uważano, że główną przyczyną tego zjawiska jest zmiana stylu życia i naw...
Vaccination against M. tuberculosis – what next after BCG?
Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a huge global health problem. An increase in TB has been observed in many parts of the world, especially in poor and densely populated sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Tuberculosis affects n...
The role of metalloproteinases in modification of extracellular matrix in invasive tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptydases which recquire a zinc ion at their active site, for proteolityc activity. There are six members of the MMP family: matrilysins, collagenases,...
Identification of circulating tumor cells as a promising method of genitourinary cancer diagnosis
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells circulating in the blood, which in terms of antigenic or genetic profile correspond to a particular type of cancer. It is suspected that CTCs possess properties of cancer stem cel...
In vitro renaturation of proteins from inclusion bodies
Recombinant proteins and enzymes are commonly used in many areas of our life, such as diagnostics, industry and medicine, due to heterologous synthesis in prokaryotic expression systems. However, a high expression level...