Abstract

The apical level of root canal preparation and the border of obturation are still discussed in the literature of past decades. Sealers for sealing the root canal space in cases with advanced resorption are also examined thoroughly. Therefore, the development and maintenance of a seal is considered to be a major prerequisite to improving the outcome of root canal treatment. The absence of a physiological narrowing is a challenge to the achievement of satisfactory early and late therapeutic results. It makes probable either the overpressing of necrotic, infected material when preparing the endodontic space or the overpressing of the sealer when sealing the root canal. Despite destroyed apical structures, bone tissue possesses the capacity for regeneration, but there are many pathological situations in which this capacity is not sufficient to stimulate and realize the healing processes. The development of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for bone graft and apical barrier is one of the promising contemporary biomaterials for better control of the complex processes of bone healing and regeneration.

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