CATALYTIC CRACKING OF TOLUENE USING RED MUD: HYDROGEN EVOLUTION AND CARBON FORMATION.
Journal Title: International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) - Year 2019, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Toluene has been used as a model tar compound in many cracking and reforming studies in the context of biomass gasification and pyrolysis. Low cost alternate catalysts such as biochar, limonite have been studied. Toluene has also been used in chemical vapour deposition of carbon nano tubes. In this study, red mud waste from the aluminium industry without any pre treatment was used as a catalyst for toluene cracking. The hydrogen evolution and nano carbon formation were studied. The reduction behaviour of the catalyst in hydrogen showed conversion of iron hydroxide and oxide to iron above 700 ?C. Hydrogen formation rate was maximum at 800 ?C after around 7 h and subsequently reduced with time. Depending on the carbon content, the post reaction catalyst was comprised of reduced iron oxides (magnetite, wustite) and mixture of iron, iron carbide and graphitic carbon. Carbon content up to 46% was obtained and the deposited carbon was in the form of nano fibers. While red mud has been used in catalytic steam gasification and pyrolysis of biomass, the hydrogen evolution using red mud and toluene has not been reported.
Authors and Affiliations
Nidhi Gupta, Malini Balakrishnan, Justin S. J. Hargreaves, Ian Pulford, Vidya S Batra.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP484522
- DOI 10.21474/IJAR01/8561
- Views 54
- Downloads 0
YOGIC VIEW ON BRONCHITIS AND EOSINOPHILIA.
Bronchitis is infection and inflammation of the mucous lining of the trachea and bronchi .It exists in both acute & chronic forms & usually develops as a sequel to upper respiratory infections such as cold or influenza....
LA LEISHMANIOSE VISC?RALE AU COURS DU LUPUS ?RYTH?MATEUX SYST?MIQUE, UNE NOUVELLE OBSERVATION AVEC REVUE DE LA LITT?RATURE.
La leishmaniose visc?rale est une forme particuli?rement grave de l?infection par les parasites intracellulaires du genre Leishmania. Bien que c?est une affection immunod?primante, la survenue de la leishmaniose au cours...
WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRIES.
Electroplating is a versatile deposition method in which thin films of metals, metallic alloys are coated on a substrate for decorative purpose, rust prevention and wear resistance. A number of wastes that are hazardous...
PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME (HERNIA UTERI INGUINALE).
Ambigous genitalia comprises of male pseudohermaphrodite, female pseudohermaphroditism,mixed gonadal dysgenesis, and true hermaphrodite. We are dealing with male pseudohermaphrodite in this article, Transeverse testicula...
TRANSFORMATION OF AFRICA’S DIGITAL ECONOMY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DRIVERS
The analysis of the trends in the growth of the digital economy in Africa particularly sub-Saharan Africa and the drivers behind that trend are presented in this paper. The author concludes that the digital divide betwee...