Characterization of Particulate Matter in Urban Environments and Its Effects on the Respiratory System of Mice
Journal Title: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 4
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the characteristics of ambient particulate matter (PM) and its impacts on animal respiratory system. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in urban area of Mysore city from 2014 to 2017. Methodology: The elemental composition, image interpretation, and size distribution of particles was analysed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering methods, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis was performed to determine the differential cell counts of leucocytes and lymphocytes in the mice lungs. Histological and histopathological studies have been demonstrated to observe the effect of PM exposure on the lungs tissue of mice. Results: The particle characterization analysis found that roadside PM was dominated by 56% black carbon and trace amount of metal elements. The analysis also shows that almost 90% of ambient particulate matter collected in the urban traffic roads was fine particles (PM2.5). By using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchial biopsies studies have found the compositional changes in neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes and lymphocytes after exposure to PM. Elevated expression and concentrations of inflammatory mediators have similarly been observed in the respiratory tract of mice. The pathological change like degeneration of alveolar region, pycnotic nuclei, and intercellular spaces with prominent vacuolization in epithelial cells followed by parenchyma and accumulation of particle laden macrophages was evident. Conclusion: Exposure to PM induces pathological changes, differential cell counts, and inflammatory response in the mice lungs in a dose and duration dependent pattern.
Authors and Affiliations
Venkatareddy Venkataramana, Azis Kemal Fauzie, Sreenivasa .
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP350506
- DOI 10.9734/BJECC/2017/36547
- Views 121
- Downloads 0
Flood Risk Modeling of Urbanized Estuarine Areas under Uncertainty: A Case Study for Whitesands, UK
Aims: The impacts of catastrophic flooding have steadily increased over the last few decades. This work investigated the effectiveness of flood modeling, with low dimensionality models along with a wealth of soft (qualit...
Sustainable Energy Sources for the Future: A New Geothermal Heat Pump System for the Built Environment
In the recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings, emphasise has been put on utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) and other rene...
Greenhouse Gas Emission Determinants in Nigeria: Implications for Trade, Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Policies
This study investigated and analyzed the determinants of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission in Nigeria. The study relied on secondary data from World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria covering 40 years (1970-2009). The data we...
Response of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) to Seed Polymerization with Micronutrients and Foliar Spray at Different Growth Stages
Aim: To study the response of Pigeonpea to seed polymerization with micronutrients and foliar spray at different growth stages. Place of Study: Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2014 at Main Agricultural Resea...
Life Cycle Analysis of Green Roof Implemented in a Global South Low-income Country
Environmental protection becomes a global challenge currently. Green roof is one of the innovative concepts to face this battle. An increase in its use is noticed in urban areas worldwide. But a question arises: what are...