Comparative study of tumor markers in patients with colorectal carcinoma and role of fibre in diet
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical and Health Research - Year 2019, Vol 5, Issue 1
Abstract
Community around the world does not eat the sufficient amount of fibre required to prevent key life-threatening illnesses, new research suggests. A nutritional review, which includes 285 studies and 50 clinical trials conducted over nearly 30 years, found that eating at least 25g to 29g of fibre per day was linked to a 15 to 30 per cent reduction in rates of life-threatening cancers. But most of people consume less than 20g of fibre in a day. This has risen a healthy trend that not less than 25 gram fibre and not less than 10% fibre should comprise diet. In the US rates of consumption are even worse, with the average adult eating just 15g of fibre a day. It is clarified that for every 8g increase in colorectal cancer plummeted by 8-32 per cent. This is because consuming much of it could have bad effects for people with decreased iron or mineral levels. Whole grains, definitely high in fibre, can further reduce iron levels. It is reiterated time again that their results mainly related to fibre rich foods than manufactured fibers. But carbohydrates in diet were ignored to count the fibre content in diet. So increasingly intake of carbohydrates should consider the opportunity cost of missing out on fibre from whole grains. This proves that both carbohydrates and high fiber intakes are clearly important for longer term health.” Green vegetables along with nutritive fruits have high fibre. one should never take intensely baked foods. There’s also a need to remove the sugar from products made from grains. Findings from two studies published this week in The Lancet add to the body of evidence suggesting that a high-fibre diet can reduce the risk of developing colon cancer (2003;361:1491 and 1496). There are opposing results, with some suggesting that no such protective effect exists. Recently a study compared fibre intake among people who had tested negative for any type of tumor. This also applies to high intake of fibre intake for people having at least one tumor or adenoma once upon a while. Fibre in diet reduces the 26 per cent lower risk for adenoma than those whose diets contained the least fibre. The fibers can be ingested from grains, cereals and fruits. Fibre intake from vegetables doesn’t reduce the risk of tumor. Another investigation examined the link between dietary fibre intake and colorectal cancer. The researchers almost finalized that tripling the intake of dietary fibre will reduce the incident by more than 42%. Objective: To screen out serum tumor markers that has the best effects on the diagnosis, conditions monitoring and therapeutic evaluation in colorectal cancer patients and thus to provide the optimal model of simple, sensitive and noninvasive with serum markers in early auxiliary diagnosis and monitor of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Literatures used in early supervision of colorectal cancer and published publicly during 1990-2013 were retrieved and Meta-analysis was performed to screen serum markers that were of high detection value. Then 100 colorectal cancer patients and 50 patients with benign colorectal disease were recruited to test the level of serum markers which were screened out via Meta-analysis with ELISA, and Logistic regression analysis, ROC curve and Bhattacharyya-SVM analysis were used to screen the optimal combination of serum markers of colorectal cancer. Results: The result of Meta-analysis showed that 12 serum markers had certain correlation with colorectal cancer. At the same time, analysis of clinical data indicated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CEA, CA19-9 and HSP60 when they were tested individually and jointly were 0.762, 0.752, 0.825 and 0.906. Their accuracy was 82.67%; sensitivity was 96.90%; and specificity was 90.57%. Bhattacharyya-SVM respectively adopted 12 indicators, 4 indicators (whose Bhattacharyya distance was more than 3) and 7 indicators (Bhattacharyya distance more than 2) to establish three SVM models. The classification accuracy rates of them were respectively 76.7%, 83.3% and 90.0%, sensitivity 80.0%, 85.0% and 90.0%, specificity 70.0%, 80.0% and 90.0%. The SVM prediction model established by CEA, CA50, CYFRA21-1, CA199, CA724, CA125 and UGT1A8 had the highest classification accuracy. Conclusion: The 12 serum markers such as CEA, CA242, and HSP60 are of high value for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. And the SVM models established in this study on basis of clinical validation results of these serum markers possess good predictive efficacy, which should be widely applied to clinical practice. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, serum marker, optimized model, logistic regression, Bhattacharyya-SVM Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that intake of dietary fiber is associated with decreased risk of colon cancer, however, these findings are inconsistent in that dietary fiber intake is differentially associated with risks of proximal colon and distal colon cancers. Meta-analysis methods: Database was searched to identify relevant cohort studies up to December 2018 to examine the association between dietary fiber and risks of proximal colon and distal colon cancers, respectively. A random-effects model was used to compute summary risk estimates. Results: 11 prospective cohort studies were identified and included in the analysis. We observed that the risk of proximal colon cancer was 14% lower among the highest dietary fiber intake compared with the lowest intake (RR = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 0.95). A similar result was also found for distal colon cancer (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.87). Conclusions: In current analysis, we show that dietary fiber intake is associated inversely with risks of both proximal and distal colon cancers.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Anil Batta
Keywords
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