ComparativeStudies on the Physicochemical Properties and Elemental Composition of Oil Obtained from Three Species of Groundnut Arachis hypogae L
Journal Title: Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 3
Abstract
Abstract:Comparative analysis as well as the elemental composition were carried out on oil samples obtained from three groundnut species namely; Earthnut, pygmy and pignut. .The extraction process was carriedout using soxhlet apparatus with hexane as the extraction solvent. The physicochemical characterization was carried out using standard methods in terms of Iodine value (IV), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Saponification value and Acid Value (AV).The selected element of Na, Mg. Zn. Fe. Ca. K and p were determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer model buck VGP connected to a computer. The phosphorus content was determined using the calorimetric method. Proximate Analysis was also carriedout on the three species of ground. From the results of the analysis, Earthnut has 43.7% oil, Pygmy 45.8% and pignut 45.8%.The result of the physicochemical characterization of the oil sample showed that for earthnut the values of 43.72±0.21 IV. 3.01±0.12 FFA, 187±0.61 SV and an acid value of 6.86±0.15.Piygmt on the other hand has an iodine value (IV) of 84.59±0.20, 2.26±0.1 FFA, 185.13±1.25 SV and acid value of 3.01±0.12.Pignut oil was also characterized as having 88.82±0.26 IV. 1.32±0.06 FFA; 201.4±0.45 SV; and 2.44±0.15 acid value. For the elemental composition, Earthnut showed the values of 4.02±0.71 Na, 60.7±0.5 K, 3.98±0.04Mg, 2.28±0.62 Ca, 6.97±0.62 Fe, 3.20±0.11 Zn and 10.55±0.68 for Pgymy nut on the other hand showed values of 41.21±0.4 Na, 6.2±0.5 K, 4.38±0.8, 4.48±0.2 Ca, 6.85±0.41, 3.00±0.5, 11.2±0.2 P. Pignut however, showed values of 40.21±0.6 Na, 63.1±0.7 K, 5.61±0.5 Mg, 3.32±0.8 Ca, 4.67±0.7 Fe, 2,89±0.22 Zn and 10.3±0.24 P. Proximate composition also showed the following result for crude fibre, carbohydrates, fat and ash content as follows; Earthnut showed 3.7±0.3, 1.81±0.04,47.00±0.03, and 3.8±0.06 for the respective proximate parameters. Pgymynut also showed the following proximate values as follows; 3.7±0.3, 1.81±0.02 and 3.98±0.43 respectively. Finally, pignut on the other hand showed proximate results of 3.00±0.4, 1.3±0.3, 44.21±0.4 and 3, 36±0.6.The result of these investigations revealed that all the samples of groundnuts species analyzed for their oil quality are suitable for edible oil production as well as for industrial purposes. This implies that the oil samples under investigation can be commercially harnessed as source of nutrition as well as for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. Keywords: Proximate Analysis, Physicochemical Properties, Elemental Composition, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and Groundnut.
Authors and Affiliations
Abuabakar Ahmed Hamidu, Zodo Yohanna Malgwi
Keywords
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