COMPARISON OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS IN MALES AND FEMALES
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 92
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Autonomic Nervous System [ANS] is an extensive neural network, whose main role is to regulate the milieu interior by controlling homeostasis and visceral functions. The efferent autonomic signals are transmitted to various organs of the body through two major subdivisions, Parasympathetic Nervous System [PSNS] and Sympathetic Nervous System [SNS]. Gender differences in the ANS may be present because of the developmental differences or due to the effect of prevailing levels of male and female sex hormones. We evaluated and compared the gender related differences in ANS [Sympathetic and Parasympathetic] in age group of 17 - 25 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prospective study was conducted on 200 healthy male and female volunteers of age 17 - 25 years giving an informed consent. For assessing the sympathetic activity, both SBP and DBP and blood pressure response to standing and cold pressor response were taken. For assessing parasympathetic functions, the following tests were done like ECG [with the help of single channel 12-lead electrocardiograph]. The test done with electrocardiograph include Standing-to-Lying ratio [S/L ratio], 30: 15 ratio. The data was analysed using computer software MS Excel and SPSS Statistics [Version 20] for Windows. RESULTS The mean SBP of males is 122.14 + 5.18 mmHg and mean DBP of males is 80.7 + 3.97 mmHg, mean SBP of females during menstrual phase is 112.3 + 5.18 mmHg and the mean DBP is 71.54 + 5.89 mmHg. The difference in mean SBP and DBP in males and females during menstrual phase is statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The mean rise in DBP in cold pressor of males is 4.96 + 2.96 mmHg and of females during menstrual phase is 3.16 + 2.76 mmHg. There is statistically highly significant difference in mean rise in SBP (p < 0.001), while the difference in mean rise in DBP is only statistically significant (p < 0.05) in males and females during menstrual phase. The mean standing/ lying ratio (S/L Ratio) in males is 1.23 + 0.2 and in females during menstrual phase is 1.29 + 0.08 and 30: 15 ratio in males is 1.08 + 0.12 and in females during menstrual phase is 1.21 + 0.09. These differences are also statistically highly significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study revealed that there is predominant sympathetic activity in males as compared to females due to higher levels of testosterone and catecholamines in them. At all ages, women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity and enhanced parasympathetic activity and plasma norepinephrine levels relative to men.
Authors and Affiliations
Megha Kapoor, Varun Malhotra, Neera Goel, Yogesh Tripathi, Shivani Gupta
Keywords
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- EP ID EP279279
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2017/1431
- Views 102
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