Comparison of the Effect of Ketamine, Tramadol, 1.5% Saline and Normal Saline Gargle on Post-Operative Sore Throat after Endotracheal Intubation
Journal Title: Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complaint following endotracheal intubation with incidence rates varying from 14.4% to 61%. Regardless of the incidence or duration, POST is rated as a patient’s 8th most undesirable outcome in the postoperative period, and is certainly an opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Background and Objectives: Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological trials have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of ketamine, tramadol and 1.5% saline gargle in prevention of post-operative sore throat. Methods and Material: Following institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, a prospective randomized double-blinded study was conducted in 100 cases divided into four groups of 25 patients in each group. Patients included in the study were of age group 18- 60 years, ASA grade I-II, undergoing elective surgeries with duration of surgery approximately 2 hrs or more requiring tracheal intubation. Patients were allocated randomly to four groups, Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D. After shifting patient to operation theatre 5 mins prior to induction of anesthesia, Group A received 30ml of normal saline, Group B preservative free ketamine 1ml (50 mg) in 29 ml of normal saline, Group C received tramadol 1ml(50 mg) in 29ml normal saline and Group D received 30ml of 1.5% saline to gargle for 30 seconds. Postoperatively presence of sore throat was noted at rest and on swallowing immediately after extubation, at 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h. Statistical Analysis Used: IBMSPSS_21 was used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in POST at rest (Figure 1) at 0 hr, 4 hr and 24 hr postoperatively among the four groups. Incidence of POST at rest at 2hr was significantly lower in ketamine group. Ketamine caused significant reduction in POST at swallowing (Figure 2) at 2 & 4hrs. Tramadol caused significant reduction at 2 & 4 hrs. 1.5% saline caused significant reduction in POST at swallowing at 2hrs. Conclusions: Among all the groups ketamine was found to be most effective in prevention of POST followed by tramadol. Based on the risk estimate analysis even 1.5% saline reduces incidence of POST.
Authors and Affiliations
Monu Yadav
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP535528
- DOI 10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5418.12
- Views 76
- Downloads 0
Efficacy of Epidural Ropivacaine with Fentanyl as Postoperative Analgesia in Total Knee Replacement Surgeries
ontext: Ropivacaine is a new agent introduced recently which can provide differential blockade. It has been reported to produce greater degree of analgesia at the same time producing lesser motor blockade compared to bup...
A Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Comparative Study of Bolus versus Fractionated Dose Injection in Spinal Anaesthesia for Pregnant Women undergoing elective Caesarean Section
Background: Elective or emergency caesarean sections are routinely done under spinal anaesthesia (SA) with bolus dose of local anaesthetic drugs. SA with bolus dose injection provides rapid onset of action but with profo...
Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Tramadol Suppository with a Combination of Tramadol and Diclofenac Suppository after Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Background and aim of the study: The rationale behind this study was to reduce the side effects of standard dose of tramadol by reducing the dose of tramadol and to achieve same analgesic effect by combining with diclofe...
Synergestic Effect between Dexmedetomidine and 0.75% Ropivacaine in Epidural
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical effects of added dexmedetomidine to epidural ropivacaine 0.75% for lower limb orthopedic procedures. Methods: 40 patients undergoing elective lowe...
A Prospective Comparative Study of 0.5% Levobupivacaine versus 0.5% Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Background: Levobupivacaine is a s enantiomer of bupivacaine has been introduced in clinical practise in India, with lower cardio toxicity and neurotoxicity in comparison to bupivacaine [7,8]. We have designed present st...