Components of tumor stroma-immune microenvironment and their interactions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical Hepatology - Year 2025, Vol 41, Issue 3
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） is a highly malignant liver tumor， and due to the absence of symptoms in its early stage and the lack of effective treatment measures， patients tend to have an extremely low 5-year survival rate. The tumor stroma-immune microenvironment （TSIME） is a complex ecosystem that changes dynamically during tumorigenesis and evolution and consists of a variety of cellular and non-cellular components， and it plays an important role in the development， proliferation， invasion， and progression of ICC and determines the heterogeneity and malignancy of ICC to a certain degree. This article reviews the cellular components （such as T cells， B cells， natural killer cells， dendritic cells， neutrophils， macrophages， myeloid-derived suppressor cells） and non-cellular components （such as chemokines and cytokines） within the ICC TSIME， as well as the complex mechanisms of interaction between these components， and it also reviews the spatial interactions between immune cells and tumor cells， in order to provide potential research directions for ICC immunotherapy and new ideas for the effective and precise treatment of ICC in the future.
Authors and Affiliations
Qiulu ZHANG, Zhuo LI, Congrong LIU, Limei GUO
Keywords
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- EP ID EP768461
- DOI 10.12449/JCH250331
- Views 11
- Downloads 0
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